Table 5.
Shared frailties Cox regression model: Hazard Ratio (HR) of mortality up180 days after hospital admission.
| Variables | Characteristics | Adjusted HR* |
95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (vs. 65-74) | 75-84 | 1.94 | 1.41 | 2.66 |
| 85+ | 3.51 | 2.56 | 4.83 | |
| Gender (vs. Females) | Males | 1.57 | 1.29 | 1.90 |
| Marital Status (vs. Married) | Not married | 0.99 | 0.83 | 1.18 |
| Years of education (vs. ≤ 8 years) | > 8 years | 0.89 | 0.67 | 1.17 |
| Type of fracture (vs. Neck of femur) | Fracture of other and unspecified parts of femur | 0.83 | 0.59 | 1.17 |
| Elapsed time from admission to surgery and time after surgery (vs. No surgery) | Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days | NE | - | - |
| Surgery within 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days | 0.80 | 0.59 | 1.08 | |
| Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery ≤ 2 days | NE | - | - | |
| Surgery after 2 days and time after surgery > 2 days | 0.62 | 0.49 | 0.77 | |
| Hospital annual surgery for hip fracture volume [vs. Low (≤ 45)] | Medium (46-200) | 1.06 | 0.75 | 1.49 |
| High (> 200) | 1.04 | 0.71 | 1.51 | |
| Rehabilitation care access (vs. No) | Yes | 0.93 | 0.78 | 1.10 |
| Comorbid condition (vs. No comorbidity) | Heart failure | 1.41 | 0.97 | 2.07 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.07 | 0.78 | 1.47 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.19 | 0.90 | 1.58 | |
| Diabetes | 1.16 | 0.90 | 1.50 | |
| Renal disease | 1.41 | 0.97 | 2.07 | |
| Dementia | 1.85 | 1.28 | 2.69 | |
| Other | 1.69 | 1.19 | 2.40 | |
Lazio Region, Italy, 2006-2007
*Theta < 0.05: p-value of LR test comparing Cox frailty model to standard Cox; NE: not estimable