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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2011 May 20;133(3):573–579. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.046

Table 2.

Contrasts between SAD, S-SAD and non-seasonals irrespective of DSPS or control status

SAD (n=29) S-SAD (n=44) Non-seasonals (n=585)
Sex (male/female) 5/24 13/31 182/403 X2=2.53 p=0.28
Age (yrs) 41.59±12.86 35.75±10.38 37.81±11.98 F(2,655)=2.11 p=0.12
Horne-Östberg score 33.86±13.31a 34.82±14.81 41.34±17.61a F(2,655)=5.20 p=0.006
BALM 22.55±8.68a 24.18±10.43b 28.70±12.17a,b F(2,655)=6.26 p=0.002
QIDS-SR 9.55±5.00 a 7.68±4.72 b 4.26±3.34 a,b F(2,655)=47.50 p<0.001
MDQ 6.52±4.08a 5.07±3.85b 3.24±3.59a,b F(2,655)=15.63 p<0.001
SPAQ
 Global Seasonality Score 15.79±3.31a,c 11.41±0.47b,c 4.09±3.62a,b F(2,655)=227.79 p<0.001
 Sleep length seaonality 2.52±1.02 a,c 1.61±0.99 b,c 0.58±0.86 a,b F(2,655)=90.89 p<0.001
 Social activity seasonality 2.76±0.99 a 2.30±0.77 b 0.86±0.98 a,b F(2,655)=93.97 p<0.001
 Mood seasonality 3.10±0.67 a,c 2.48±0.66 b,c 0.82±0.94 a,b F(2,655)=146.75 p<0.001
 Weight seasonality 2.21±0.90 a,c 1.43±1.04 b,c 0.52±0.72 a,b F(2,655)=93.45 p<0.001
 Appetite seasonality 2.21±0.94 a,c 1.39±0.89 b,c 0.44±0.91 a,b F(2,655)=70.76 p<0.001
 Energy level seasonality 3.00±0.76 a,c 2.20±0.67 b,c 0.82±0.90 a,b F(2,655)=127.06 p<0.001
 Problem Severity of Seasonality 2.93±1.16 a,c 0.84±0.96 b,c 0.30±0.69 a,b F(2,655)=181.48 p<0.001
 Seasonal weight fluctuation* 3.21±1.24a,c 2.41±1.30 b,c 1.98±1.04 a,b F(2,655)=20.62 p<0.001
 Sleep duration-winter (hrs) 9.07±2.24 a 8.30±1.86 7.99±1.61 a F(2,652)=6.32 p=0.002
 Sleep duration-spring (hrs) 7.76±1.38 7.50±1.64 7.55±1.48 F(2,652)=0.31 p=0.74
 Sleep duration-summer (hrs) 6.83±1.37 6.98±1.66 7.50±1.51 F(2,652)=4.90 p=0.008
 Sleep duration-fall (hrs) 8.00±1.46 7.59±1.62 7.70±1.47 F(2,652)=0.71 p=0.49
 Sleep duration difference (winter – summer) (hrs) 2.24±1.86 a,c 1.32±1.39 b,c 0.49±1.09 a,b F(2,652)=40.42 p<0.001
 Food preference change (yes/no) 20/9 22/22 206/379 X2=16.45 p<0.001

SAD, seasonal affective disorder; S-SAD, subsyndromal SAD; SPAQ, Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire; BALM, Basic Language Morningness Scale; QIDS-SR, Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology-Self Report; MDQ, Mood Disorders Questionnaire

*

1, 0–3 lbs; 2, 4–7 lbs; 3, 8–11 lbs; 4, 12–15 lbs; 5, 16–20 lbs; 6, Over 20 lbs

a,b,c

means significantly different 2 × 2 according to Bonferroni post hoc tests