Figure 2. Time course of nephrogenesis and expression of renal developmental markers in human, monkey, and mouse.

Nephrogenesis begins in human and nonhuman primates in the late first trimester and continues throughout the mid-third trimester (term 165±10 days). In contrast, mouse nephrogenesis begins in mid-gestation and concludes postnatally (Saxen, 1987) (term 20 days). (¹Tellier et al., 2000; ²Dressler et al., 1990; ³Charles et al., 1997; ⁴Armstrong et al., 1992; ⁵Rackley et al., 1993; ⁶Bertelli et al., 2007; ⁷Wagner et al., 2006; ⁸Chen et al., 2006, ⁹Nagata et al., 1998; ¹⁰Barisoni et al., 2000; ¹¹Mundel et al., 1991; ¹²Naruse et al., 2000).