Table 2.

Infant outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral regimens and duration of treatment in pregnancy

Variables	Early HAART-exposed			P	Late HAART-exposed			P
	PI-based HAART	NVP-based HAART	EFV-based HAART		PI-based HAART	NVP-based HAART	EFV-based HAART
Birth weight (kg): n (%)	N = 135	N = 158	N = 95		N = 284	N = 103	N = 20
mean (SD)	3.0 (0.6)	2.9 (0.5)	2.7 (0.6)	0.002	2.9 (0.5)	2.9 (0.5)	2.8 (0.5)	0.59
0.75-1.49	5 (4)	0 (0)	3 (3)		2 (1)	0 (0)	0 (0)
1.5-2.49	18 (13)	31 (20)	33 (35)		46 (16)	23 (22)	5 (25)
>2.5	112 (83)	127 (80)	59 (62)	<0.001	236 (83)	80 (78)	15 (75)	0.50
Gestation: n (%)	N = 131	N = 167	N = 91		N = 290	N = 116	N = 21
extremely premature (<34 weeks)	13 (10)	15 (9)	12 (13)		0 (0)	3 (3)	0 (0)
preterm (34-36 weeks)	6 (5)	25 (15)	10 (11)		9 (3)	8 (7)	1 (5)
term/postdates (>36 weeks)	112 (86)	127 (76)	69 (76)	0.048	281 (97)	105 (91)	20 (95)	0.024
Birth weight - gestation n (%)	N = 123	N = 128	N = 61		N = 280	N = 101	N = 19
AGA	83 (67)	110 (86)	39 (64)		153 (55)	79 (78)	13 (61)
SGA	26 (21)	13 (10)	18 (30)		121 (43)	20 (20)	6 (32)	0.001
LGA	14 (11)	5 (4)	4 (7)	0.001	6 (2)	2 (2)	0 (0)
Infant HIV status: n (%)	N = 106	N = 156	N = 88		N = 214	N = 87	N = 15
HIV PCR positive	1 (1)	6 (4)	1 (1)	0.22	17 (8)	13 (15)	1 (7)	0.17

HAART - highly active antiretroviral treatment; early HAART - HAART initiation <28 weeks of pregnancy; late HAART - HAART initiation at ≥28 weeks of pregnancy; PI - protease inhibitor, NVP - nevirapine; EFV - efavirenz; SD - standard deviation; SGA - small for gestational age; AGA - appropriate for gestational age; LGA - large for gestational age; PCR - polymerase chain reaction