Table 2.
Studies of prostate cancer prevention and treatment in animal models.
| Animal Model | Chemopreventive Agent | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Androgen-sensitive LNCaP intraprostatic in SCID mice | Oral brewed GT and BT: 15g leaves/L of water | ↓tumor growth, ↓DHT with GT and BT, ↓PSA with BT not GT | Zhou JR et al. 2003 [15] |
| Androgen-sensitive CWR22Rv1 in nude mice | Oral 0.05 and 0.01% of GTE (62% EGCG) when tumor was 400mm3 | ↓tumor growth, ↑apoptosis, ↓VEGF, ↓PSA | Sidiqui IA et al. 2006 [11] |
| Androgen-sensitive CWR22Rv1 in nude mice | Oral 1.25% BT extract | ↓tumor growth, ↑apoptosis, ↓VEGF, ↓PSA | Sidiqui IA et al. 2006 [11] |
| CWR22R androgen-independent in nude mice | EGCG and EGCG-P | ↓tumor growth, ↑apoptosis, ↓angiogenesis↓PSA | Lee SC et al. 2008 [100] |
| s.c.TRAMP-C1 cells into C57/Bl male mice | Oral 3d prior to tumor 0.6% of GTE (59% EGCG) | No effect on tumor growth | Sartor L et al. 2004 [16] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.1% GT extract (62% EGCG) starting at 8 wks of age | At 20 wks 44% inhibition of tumor growth, 30 wks 42%, ↓serum IGF-1, ↑IGFBP-3, ↑apoptosis | Gutpa S et al. 2001 [101] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.1% GTE (62% EGCG) starting at 8 wks of age | ↓tumor growth, ↓serum IGF-1, ↑IGF BP-3, ↓PI3K, ↓Akt, ↓ERK1/2, ↓VEGF, ↓urokinase plasminogen activator, ↓matrix metalloproteinases | Adhami VM et al. 2004 [74] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.3% GTE (51.9% EGCG) | 8-genes differentiated between prostate of wt from transgenic mice and TRAMP+GTP responsive from non-responsive mice | Scaltriti M et al. 2006 [102] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.3% GTE (51.9% EGCG) | At 24 wks only 20% developed tumors in GT group, ↓MCM7 | McCarthy S et al. 2007 [103] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.06% EGCG starting at 5 weeks | At 12 weeks ↓tumor growth, but not at 28 wks. ↑apoptosis, ↓AR, ↓serum IGF-1,↓ERK1/2, ↓COX-2,↓iNOS | Harper CE et al. 2007 [14] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.1% GTE (62% EGCG) starting at 4 wks of age | ↓NFkB, IKKa, IKKb, RANK, NIK, STAT-3 with a trend to decrease over time (8-32 wks) | Siddiqui IA 2008 [18] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.1% GTE (62% EGCG) starting at 6, 12, and 18 wks of age | Tumor-free survival of 38 wks (GTP at 8 wks), 31 wks (GTP at 12 wks) and 24 wks (GTP at 18 wks) vs 19wks in control | Adhami VM 2009 [13] |
| TRAMP C57BL/6 mice | Oral 0.05% GTE at 4 wks of age | No effect on tumor weight and urine 8-OHdG | Teichert F 2008 [19] |
| TRAMP C57Bl/6:FVB 50:50 | Oral 0.1% of GTE (35% EGCG) at 4 or 6 wks of age and oral 0.1-0.6% GTPs | No effect on tumor progression. At 12 weeks of 0.1-0.6% GTPs no effect on DNA methylation status | Morey Kinney SR et al. 2009 [20] |
| Lobund Wistar rats | Oral 0.2% of GT (freeze dried – 10% EGCG) | 50% less tumors compared to water cntr, no effect on 8-OHdG in prostate, ↑MnSOD | O'Sullivan J et al. 2008 [21] |
| Nobel rats CaP induced with testosterone | Oral 2% GT and 200 g soy protein/kg diet | Only GT+soy ↓prostate hyperplasia, ↓NFκB p50 binding activity, ↓TNF-a, ↓IL-6, ↑apoptosis | Hsu A et al. 2010 [104] |
| Wistar rats s.c. injection of testosterone (5mg/kg bwt) | Oral 0.5, 1, 1.5% (w/v) BT extract | ↓oxidative stress induced by testosterone, ↓SOD, ↓GST, ↓GR, ↓Cat, ↓lipid peroxidation | Siddiqui IA et al. 2005 [12] |