Table 2.
Prevalence (%) of DSM-IV/CIDI major depressive episodes in the 18 countries participating in the WMH surveys a
| Screen positive, mean ± SE | Lifetime prevalence, mean ± SE | Lifetime/ Screen positive, ± mean ± SE |
12-month prevalence, mean ± SE | 12-month/ Screen positive, mean ± SE |
12-month/ lifetime, mean ± SE |
Age of onset, median (IQR)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I. High-income | |||||||
| Belgium | 49.4 ± 2.5 | 14.1 ± 1.0 | 28.5 ± 1.9 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 10.0 ± 1.0 | 35.2(2.8 | 29.4 (20.9 to 41.3) |
| France | 65.0 ± 1.7 | 21.0 ± 1.1 | 32.3 ± 1.4 | 5.9 ± 0.6 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 27.9(2.6 | 28.4 (19.3 to 38.9) |
| Germany | 43.1 ± 1.4 | 9.9 ± 0.6 | 23.0 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 30.1 ± 2.1 | 27.6 (18.6 to 39.6) |
| Israel | 45.1 ± 0.8 | 10.2 ± 0.5 | 22.6 ± 1.0 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | 13.5 ± 0.8 | 59.6 ± 2.3 | 25.5 (18.1 to 38.5) |
| Italy | 44.9 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 22.1 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 30.2 ± 1.9 | 27.7 (19.1 to 39.1) |
| Japan | 29.9 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 22.2 ± 1.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 1.2 | 33.3 ± 4.2 | 30.1 (20.8 to 45.3) |
| Netherlands | 53.2 ± 1.6 | 17.9 ± 1.0 | 33.6 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 1.0 | 27.3 ± 2.6 | 27.2 (19.3 to 39.5) |
| New Zealand | 61.9 ± 0.6 | 17.8 ± 0.4 | 28.7 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 37.0 ± 1.5 | 24.2 (16.1 to 34.5)c |
| Spain | 37.7 ± 1.0 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 28.2 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 10.6 ± 0.8 | 37.5 ± 1.9 | 30.0 (19.7 to 44.3) |
| United States | 62.0 ± 0.9 | 19.2 ± 0.5 | 30.9 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 13.3 ± 0.5 | 43.1 ± 1.2 | 22.7 (15.1 to 34.6) |
| Total | 52.3 ± 0.4 | 14.6 ± 0.2 | 28.1 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 10.6 ± 0.2 | 37.7 ± 0.7 | 25.7 (17.3 to 37.2) |
| II. Low- to middle-income | |||||||
| Sao Pâulo, Brazil | 66.0 ± 1.0 | 18.4 ± 0.8 | 27.9 ± 1.1 | 10.4 ± 0.6 | 15.8 ± 0.8 | 56.7 ± 1.5 | 24.3 (17.2 to 35.8) |
| Colombia | 58.6 ± 1.1 | 13.3 ± 0.6 | 22.6 ± 1.0 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 10.6 ± 0.7 | 46.7 ± 2.6 | 23.5 (15.6 to 33.6) |
| Pondicherry, India | 25.0 ± 0.9 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | 35.9 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 18.0 ± 1.4 | 50.0 ± 3.0 | 31.9 (24.5 to 42.7) |
| Lebanon | 57.7 ± 1.8 | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 18.9 ± 1.3 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 50.0 ± 3.7 | 23.8 (17.5 to 32.8) |
| Mexico | 40.6 ± 1.1 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | 19.6 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 0.3 | 9.8 ± 0.8 | 50.0 ± 2.7 | 23.5 (16.7 to 34.0) |
| Shenzen, China | 54.6 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 12.0 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 6.9 ± 0.5 | 58.0 ± 2.6 | 18.8 (14.9 to 23.4) |
| South Africa | 56.1 ± 1.3 | 9.8 ± 0.7 | 17.4 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.8 | 49.6 ± 2.7 | 22.3 (15.8 to 33.8) |
| Ukraine | 82.4 ± 1.1 | 14.6 ± 0.7 | 17.7 ± 0.8 | 8.4 ± 0.6 | 10.2 ± 0.7 | 57.8 ± 2.2 | 27.8 (18.7 to 39.6) |
| Total | 54.1 ± 0.4 | 11.1 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.4 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 53.3 ± 0.9 | 24.0 (17.0 to 34.8) |
aAssessed in part I sample. Prevalence for the pooled samples (developed and developing) include respondents ages 18+. Prevalence for individual countries are assessed for the total sample in the country.
bIQR, interquartile range.