Table 1.

Clinical Characteristics of Study Population (n=64)

Age (years)	58 ± 11
Sex (male/female)	55/9
History of AF (months)	81 ± 65 (7 – 360)
Duration of Continuous AF (months)	25 ± 27 (1 – 120)
Long-lasting Persistent AF (>12 month) (%)	65
LVEF (%)	56 ± 13
Left Ventricular dysfunction (LVEF<50%) (n)	17
LVEDD (mm)	54 ± 7
LVESD (mm)	36 ± 9
LAD (mm)	46 ± 7
Structural Heart Disease	17
Coronary Artery Disease	5
Hypertension	18
Number of failed AAD	2.1 ± 1.0
Administration of amiodarone	16
Number of electrical cardioversions	1.8 ± 2.3
Surface ECG AFCL (ms)	151 ± 18

AF = atrial fibrillation; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD = left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESD = left ventricular end systolic diameter; LAD = Left Atrial Diameter (antero-posterior); AAD = antiarrhythmic drugs; AFCL = AF cycle length