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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 Sep;32(7):533–541. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182245c05

Table 3.

Regression and Hierarchial Linear Modeling Results with Prenatal Complications, Temperament and Male Co-twin as Predictors

PANEL A B S.E. p PANEL B Estimate S.E. p PANEL C Estimate S.E. p
Auditory SOR R2 = 0.13 Auditory SOR Auditory SOR

 Age 0.04 0.01 .001 Level 1 Level 1
 Socioeconomic Status −0.09 0.04 .031  Negative Affect 0.21 0.04 ≤ .001  Negative Affect 0.15 0.06 .01
 Negative Affect 0.15 0.04 ≤ .001  Fear 0.24 0.03 ≤ .001  Fear 0.16 0.06 .01
 Fear 0.16 0.04 ≤ .001 Level 2 Level 2
 Prenatal Complications 0.21 0.43 .62  Age 0.02 0.01 .09  Age 0.03 0.02 .07
 Socioeconomic Status −0.07 0.03 .028  Socioeconomic Status −0.12 0.06 .05
 Female v. male co-twin 0.02 0.03 .41  Prenatal Complications 0.77 0.78 .32

Tactile SOR R2 = 0.09 Tactile SOR Tactile SOR

 Age 0.02 0.01 .11 Level 1 Level 1
 Socioeconomic Status −0.13 0.04 .004  Negative Affect 0.11 0.04 .003  Negative Affect 0.17 0.07 .02
 Negative Affect 0.11 0.04 .009  Fear 0.18 0.03 ≤ .001  Fear 0.14 0.08 .06
 Fear 0.13 0.04 .003 Level 2 Level 2
 Prenatal Complications 0.92 0.46 .045  Age 0.01 0.01 .26  Age 0.00 0.02 .99
 Socioeconomic Status −0.09 0.03 .01  Socioeconomic Status −0.15 0.06 .01
 Female v. male co-twin 0.17 0.06 .01  Prenatal complications 1.69 0.59 .01

Notes: N = 371 individual twins for Panel A, which represents basic linear regression for participants with birth record data. N = 488 individual twins for Panel B, which includes only female dizygotic twins drawn from the full sample. Female vs. male co-twin is coded as female twin = 0, male twin = 1. For Panel C, N = 125 individual twins, as it uses the same sample as panel A, with the exception that opposite sex twins are excluded.