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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2011 Jul 13;417(2):293–303. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.010

Fig. 6. Model for Noxa induction by virus and other stimuli: involvement of ER Stress responses.

Fig. 6

The data presented in this and previous reports suggest that Noxa is regulated by virus through both IRF3-dependent regulation and ER stress induced pathways. Of these, our data suggest that ER stress response signaling is most critical for Noxa regulation. These same pathways are also known to mediate Noxa induction by other ER stressors, including proteasome inhibition, thapsigargin or tunicamycin. In tumor cells, it has been proposed that c-myc also regulates Noxa expression following proteasome inhibition (Nikiforov et al., 2007).