Table 1.

Habit learning criteria within dorsal corticostriatal loops.

Criterion	Executive	Visual	Motor
QUALITATIVE DIFFERENCES
Inflexible defined as reinforcement based1	Mixed	?	Yes
Unconscious2	Mixed	?	Mixed
Automatic: dual task independent3	No	?	Yes
Automatic: PDP exclusion intrusions4	No	?	Yes
Reinforcer devaluation5	No	?	Yes
SLOW OR INCREMENTAL: COMPUTATIONAL MEASURES6
Reward prediction error	Strong	Weak	Weak
Value	Weak	Strong	Strong
SLOW OR INCREMENTAL: SIMPLE BEHAVIORAL MEASURES
Learning rate (slope)7	Strong	Weak	Weak
Learning asymptote	Weak	Strong	Strong
Changes beyond asymptote8	Mixed	?	Yes

¹Daw et al. (2005) and Lopez-Paniagua and Seger (2011).

²Seger et al. (2011) and Pessiglione et al. (2008).

³Poldrack et al. (2005), Foerde et al. (2006), and Waldmann and Ashby (2011).

⁴Destrebecqz et al. (2005).

⁵Balleine et al. (2009) and Yin and Knowlton (2006).

⁶Haruno and Kawato (2006) and Seger et al. (2010).

⁷Brasted and Wise, 2004, Williams and Eskandar (2006), and Seger et al. (2010).

⁸Grol et al. (2006), Helie et al. (2010, and Waldschmidt and Ashby (2011).