Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with leptospirosis-associated acute kidney injury*
| Group I (N = 94) | Group II (N = 224) | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
| Age | 36 ± 13 | 41 ± 16 | 0.001 | ||
| SBP (mm of Hg) | 109 ± 19 | 111 ± 20 | 0.378 | ||
| DBP (mm of Hg) | 66 ± 15 | 70 ± 14 | 0.020 | ||
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 22 | 23 | 34 | 15.2 | 0.06 |
| Male | 72 | 77 | 190 | 84.8 | |
| Symptoms and signs | |||||
| Headache | 61 | 64.8 | 173 | 77.2 | 0.002 |
| Fever | 92 | 97.6 | 213 | 95.1 | 0.207 |
| Myalgia | 86 | 91.8 | 194 | 86.6 | 0.179 |
| Vomiting | 65 | 69.4 | 149 | 66.5 | 0.600 |
| Dehydration | 57 | 60.7 | 139 | 62.0 | 0.768 |
| Jaundice | 93 | 98.8 | 211 | 94.2 | 0.569 |
| Hepatomegaly | 37 | 40.0 | 85 | 37.9 | 0.874 |
| Hemorrhagic manifestations | 22 | 23.4 | 105 | 46.9 | 0.001 |
| Respiratory infection | 8 | 9.5 | 18 | 8.0 | 0.896 |
| Calf pain | 70 | 82.4 | 94 | 41.8 | 0.001 |
| Arrhythmias | 19 | 20.2 | 26 | 11.6 | 0.04 |
| Pancreatitis | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Meningitis | 2 | 2.4 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.162 |
| Secondary infections | 11 | 11.8 | 15 | 6.7 | 0.177 |
| Lung manifestation | 25 | 26.6 | 132 | 59 | < 0.0001 |
| Convulsion | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 1.3 | 1.0 |
| Splenomegaly | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 2.6 | 1.0 |
| Obtundation | 18 | 22.0 | 8 | 3.6 | < 0.0001 |
| Contact with rats | 37 | 39.8 | 58 | 25.8 | 0.06 |
| Oliguria | 25 | 26.5 | 92 | 41.1 | 0.014 |
| Need of dialysis | 70 | 75.0 | 54 | 24.1 | < 0.0001 |
| Death | 19 | 20.2 | 27 | 12.1 | 0.039 |
*
SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = dyastolic blood pressure. Student t test and Fisher's exact test. Significant P < 0.05.