Table 3. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) for hormonal contraceptive use on HIV disease progression.
| Exposure definition/Contraceptive group | Time to AIDS | Time to AIDS, death or HAART Initiation |
|---|---|---|
| AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | |
| Cumulative contraceptive use throughout study1 | ||
| Non-hormonal | Ref | Ref |
| DMPA | 0.90 (0.76 – 1.08) | 0.90 (0.77 – 1.06) |
| OCs | 1.07 (0.89 – 1.29) | 1.02 (0.86 – 1.22) |
| Contraceptive use in year prior to AIDS2 | ||
| Non-hormonal | Ref | Ref |
| DMPA | 0.82 (0.50 – 1.36) | 0.81 (0.51 – 1.31) |
| OCs | 1.29 (0.69 – 2.44) | 1.26 (0.69 – 2.29) |
| Contraceptive use at time of HIV infection3 | ||
| Non-hormonal | Ref | Ref |
| DMPA | 1.14 (0.73 – 1.79) | 1.23 (0.81-1.87) |
| OCs | 0.93 (0.56 – 1.55) | 0.85 (0.52-1.39) |
From a marginal structural Cox survival model adjusted for enrolment age, country/HIV subtype, baseline (BL) cohabitation, education, BL participant behavioral risk, BL breastfeeding, BLSTI symptoms, BL unprotected sex acts, BL primary partner risk, and BL GUD. Includes 102 primary (AIDS) and 116 secondary outcomes. Weights computing including for enrolment age, country/HIV subtype, BL cohabitation, education, BL participant behavioral risk, BL breastfeeding, time-varying (TV) pregnancy status, TV STI symptoms, TV unprotected sex acts, TV primary partner risk, and TV GUD; The mean (median) of the estimated inverse-probability-treatment weights is 0.93 (0.98) and its range is 4.15.
From a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for enrolment age, country/HIV subtype, cohabitation, TV pregnancy status, TV STI history, TV unprotected sex acts, TV primary partner risk, TV GUD, and TV smoking. Includes 108 primary outcomes (AIDS) and 123 secondary outcomes.
From a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for enrolment age, country/HIV subtype, cohabitation, TV pregnancy status, TV STI history, TV unprotected sex acts, TV primary partner risk, and TV GUD. Includes 108 primary outcomes (AIDS) and 123 secondary outcomes.