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Proposed mechanism of action of Smad6. Upon phosphorylation by the BMP type I receptor, Smad1 can interact with either Smad4 or Smad6. Although the Smad1–Smad6 complex is inactive, the Smad1–Smad4 complex triggers the expression of BMP responsive genes. The ratio between Smad4 and Smad6 in the cell can modulate the strength of the BMP signal.
