Fig. 7.

Effect of leptin on p44/42 MAPK activation (Luminex): p44/42 MAPK (p44/42) and phospho-p44/42 MAPK (P-p44/42) were detected in extracts of PMNLs from HS (A and B) and from patients on HD treatment (C and D) stimulated by Escherichia coli (A and C) or by PMA (B and D) incubated in the presence of 70 ng/mL leptin or buffer alone. The ratio between P-p44/42 and p44/42 was calculated and set as 1 for the absence of stimulus and leptin. Mean values ± SEM. n = 4; *P < 0.05 versus the absence of stimulus.