Fig. 9.

Effect of leptin on the phosphorylation of IκBα as a measure for NF-κB activation. IκBα and phospho-IκBα (P-IκBα) were detected by the Luminex technology in extracts of PMNLs from HS (A) and from patients on HD treatment (B) stimulated by PMA incubated in the presence of 70 ng/mL leptin or buffer alone. The ratio between P-p44/42 and p44/42 was calculated and set as 1 for the absence of stimulus and leptin. Mean values ± SEM. n = 4; *P < 0.05 versus the absence of stimulus.