Table 1.
Lifetime prevalence of substance use and psychiatric disorders by sex [N (%)a]
| Diagnosisb | Total (N = 4,061) | Male (N = 2,182) | Female (N = 1,879) | GEE Wald χ2 (1 df) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Substance use disorders | |||||
| Cocaine dependence | 3,293 (81.2) | 1,808 (82.9) | 1,485 (79.1) | 11.72 | < 0.001 |
| Nicotine dependence | 2,682 (66.1) | 1,446 (66.3) | 1,236 (65.8) | 0.13 | 0.716 |
| Alcohol dependence | 1,933 (47.7) | 1,138 (52.2) | 795 (42.4) | 37.54 | < 0.001 |
| Opioid dependence | 1,837 (45.3) | 1,080 (49.5) | 757 (40.3) | 32.61 | < 0.001 |
| Cannabis dependence | 1,167 (28.8) | 766 (35.2) | 401 (21.4) | 93.17 | < 0.001 |
| Sedative dependence | 229 (5.7) | 181 (8.3) | 120 (6.4) | 4.92 | 0.027 |
| Stimulant dependence | 301 (7.4) | 137 (6.3) | 92 (4.9) | 3.68 | 0.055 |
| Other substance dependence c | 700 (17.3) | 455 (21.0) | 245 (13.1) | 41.68 | < 0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Psychiatric disorders | |||||
| ASPD c | 541 (13.7) | 392 (18.4) | 149 (8.2) | 83.49 | < 0.001 |
| MDE c | 667 (17.0) | 253 (11.8) | 424 (23.2) | 91.96 | < 0.001 |
| PTSD c | 629 (15.7) | 267 (12.4) | 362 (19.6) | 37.15 | < 0.001 |
| OCD c | 96 (2.4) | 29 (1.3) | 67 (3.6) | 20.41 | < 0.001 |
| Social Phobia | 159 (4.0) | 71 (3.3) | 88 (4.8) | 5.76 | 0.016 |
| Agoraphobia | 247 (6.2) | 78 (3.6) | 169 (9.2) | 51.94 | < 0.001 |
| Panic disorder | 280 (7.0) | 106 (4.9) | 174 (9.4) | 29.05 | < 0.001 |
| Compulsive gambling | 381 (9.5) | 296 (13.8) | 85 (4.6) | 86.39 | < 0.001 |
a
Percentages are based on the number of subjects with known status for each diagnosis. The rate of missing data varied slightly across diagnoses.
b
Disorders that differed significantly by sex at 0.05/16 = 0.0031 are in bold.
c
Other substance dependence includes dependence on phencyclidine, hallucinogens, inhalants, solvents, or a combination of opioids and cocaine (i.e., “speedballs”); ASPD: Antisocial Personality Disorder; MDE: Major Depressive Episode; PTSD: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; OCD: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.