Table 3.
Association of Lifetime Social Phobia and Subtypes With Other Mental Disorders
|
Disorder |
Any Social Phobia | Non-generalized | Generalized | Generalized vs. Non-generalized χ2(1) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE) | aOR (95% CI) | % (SE) | aOR (95% CI) | % (SE) | aOR (95% CI) | ||
| Anxiety Disordersa | 20.1 (1.5) | 3.46 (2.64–4.55) | 7.3 (0.8) | 3.33 (2.22–5.00) | 12.8 (1.3) | 3.17 (1.96–5.11) | 28.7*** |
| Specific Phobia | 21.5 (1.6) | 2.33 (1.66–3.26) | 8.5 (0.9) | 2.59 (1.60–4.21) | 13.0 (1.4) | 1.91 (1.23–2.97) | 7.8** |
| Agoraphobia | 32.4 (6.2) | 4.00 (2.28–7.02) | 5.5 (2.0) | 1.26 (0.48–3.32) | 27.0 (6.2) | 5.32 (3.24–8.74) | 43.5*** |
| Panic Disorder | 27.2 (4.7) | 2.01 (0.99–4.07) | 6.7 (3.0) | 1.35 (0.37–4.88) | 20.5 (4.1) | 2.26 (1.21–4.22) | 8.0** |
| PTSD | 24.4 (3.9) | 1.38 (0.7–2.61) | 7.3 (1.5) | 2.03 (1.10–3.76) | 17.1 (3.5) | 1.00 (0.46–2.17) | 0.0 |
| GAD | 32.0 (7.0) | 1.84 (0.68–5.03) | 7.7 (3.2) | 1.17 (0.29–4.71) | 24.4 (7.6) | 2.05 (0.61–6.91) | 1.4 |
| SAD | 27.4 (3.2) | 3.19 (2.07–4.91) | 9.3 (1.9) | 2.25 (1.00–5.06) | 18.1 (3.1) | 3.29 (1.96–5.54) | 16.1*** |
| Mood Disordersa | 18.6 (1.6) | 1.48 (0.80–2.74) | 5.3 (0.8) | 1.08 (0.53–2.19) | 13.3 (1.6) | 1.64 (0.79–3.41) | 2.4 |
| Major Depression | 18.7 (1.6) | 1.67 (0.89–3.14) | 5.4 (0.8) | 1.27 (0.60–2.67) | 13.3 (1.6) | 1.81 (0.85–3.83) | 3.1 |
| Dysthymia | 17.4 (3.5) | 0.42 (0.16–1.06) | 3.2 (1.1) | 0.25 (0.04–1.36) | 14.2 (3.3) | 0.51 (0.18–1.45) | 0.3 |
| Behavior Disordersb | 15.2 (2.1) | 1.93 (1.14–3.28) | 5.5 (1.1) | 1.96 (0.79–4.90) | 9.7 (1.8) | 1.75 (0.99–3.09) | 4.7* |
| ODD | 17.8 (4.0) | 1.78 (1.00–3.14) | 5.3 (1.2) | 1.39 (0.72–2.68) | 12.5 (4.1) | 1.90 (0.96–3.73) | 5.1* |
| Conduct Disorder | 16.9 (3.0) | 1.27 (0.80–2.00) | 6.1 (1.4) | 1.62 (0.87–3.00) | 10.8 (3.0) | 1.05 (0.53–2.08) | 0.0 |
| ADHD | 11.7 (2.0) | 0.99 (0.47–2.08) | 4.3 (1.4) | 0.93 (0.30–2.83) | 7.4 (1.4) | 1.06 (0.53–2.10) | 0.0 |
| Substance Use Disordersa | 17.4 (2.1) | 1.82 (1.06–3.11) | 6.1 (1.2) | 1.85 (0.89–3.87) | 11.4 (1.5) | 1.70 (0.90–3.22) | 0.3 |
| Alcohol Use Disorders | 17.5 (2.2) | 0.60 (0.31–1.16) | 4.6 (1.3) | 0.42 (0.20–0.89) | 12.9 (2.0) | 0.83 (0.38–1.78) | 0.0 |
| Drug Use Disorders | 20.1 (2.5) | 2.87 (1.60–5.15) | 7.2 (1.5) | 3.11 (1.47–6.58) | 13.0 (1.7) | 2.36 (1.15–4.84) | 4.2* |
Note: P values based on Wald chi-square tests. ADHD=attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; aOR=Models adjusted for adolescent sex, age, and other emotional and behavioral disorders (but the disorder of interest); CI = confidence interval; GAD=generalized anxiety disorder; ODD=oppositional defiant disorder; PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder; SAD=separation anxiety disorder; SE = standard error.
a
Reports based on adolescent Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; n=10,123).
b
Reports based on adolescent CIDI and parent self-administered questionnaire sample (n=6,483).
*
p ≤ 0. 05;
**
p ≤ 0. 01;
***
p ≤ 0.001