(A) Zap70 mRNA levels from EL4 and mES were compared by qRT-PCR analyses. *, p < 0.05. (B) Relative levels of Zap70 mRNA from EL4, mES, and MEF cells were compared by RT-PCR analysis of total RNA. GAPDH was used as control of equal mRNA loading. (C) Levels of Zap70 mRNA at the indicated time after retinoic acid–induced differentiation, determined by RT-PCR analysis. GAPDH was used as an equal loading control for RT-PCR. (D) Top panel: Zap70 protein levels from whole-cell extracts of EL4, mES, and MEF cells compared by immunoblotting analysis. Middle panel: Oct4 immunoblotting indicates pluripotency of mESC. Bottom panel: β-actin was used as a loading control.