Table 1.

Patient demographic characteristics (N=52)

Variable	Mean (SD)	%
Age	53.25 (+/− 12.31)
Sex
Male		20
Female		80
Race
White-American		22
African-American		78
Disability Status
On disability		49
Seeking disability		18
Not on, not seeking		32
Income
$0 to $12,999		57
$13,000 to $24,999		22
$25,000 to $49,000		20
$50,000 & above		2
Employment Status
Employed		14
Unemployed		54
Retired		28
Home-maker		4
Education	13.0 (+/−2.05)
Reading Grade Level	7.94 (+/− 3.43)
Primary Pain Type
Low back pain		41
Arthritis		29
Headache		4
Other (e.g., IBS, Fibromyalgia, Neuropathic Pain)		16