Table 2. Trend of annual meteorological variables in four sites in the highlands of East Africa (1911–95).

	ρ	ADF	β	t	P	τ α	Q	Sig. of Q
Kericho, western Kenya (0.33°S, 35.37°E; 1,700–2,200 m)
Temp. mean (°C)	3	−2.79	0.0010	0.66	0.5096	0.0031	16.0974	0.7106
Rainfall (mm)	2	−5.96*	0.8246	0.83	0.4082	−0.0153	17.4068	0.6264
Vapour pressure (hPa)	2	−3.03	0.0125	0.75	0.4556	−0.0332	12.8234	0.8848
Malaria (months)†	1	−8.34*	0.0106	1.85	0.0665	0.1881	16.4162	0.8369
Kabale, southwestern Uganda (1.25°S, 29.98°E, 1,500–2,400 m)
Temp. mean (°C)	0	−5.42*	−0.0002	−0.13	0.8950	0.0096	18.0473	0.6460
Rainfall (mm)	4	−2.95	0.5861	0.82	0.4123	0.2656	8.9009	0.9840
Vapour pressure (hPa)	4	−4.25*	−0.0071	−0.51	0.6086	−0.0716	11.3198	0.9375
Malaria (months)†	0	−9.03*	0.0062	2.26*	0.0265	0.0594	23.7327	0.4187
Gikonko, southern Rwanda (2.48° S, 29.85° E, 1,485–1,596 m)
Temp. mean (°C)	2	−3.32	0.0005	0.38	0.7044	−0.1591	19.5274	0.4878
Rainfall (mm)	4	−3.13	0.8200	1.69	0.0943	0.1957	15.6722	0.7367
Vapour pressure (hPa)	4	−3.94*	−0.0042	−0.27	0.7868	−0.0808	13.0386	0.8757
Malaria (months)†	0	−9.21*	0.0034	1.53	0.1291	0.0680	23.7327	0.4187
Muhanga, northern Burundi (3.02° S, 29.83° E, 1,420–1,450 m)
Temp. mean (°C)	2	−3.22	0.0005	0.42	0.6734	−0.1263	17.6252	0.6121
Rainfall (mm)	1	−8.63*	1.1091	3.05*	0.0031	−0.0159	19.2302	0.5704
Vapour pressure (hPa)	3	−3.57*	−0.0005	−0.03	0.9740	−0.0986	15.2409	0.7625
Malaria (months)†	1	−7.25*	0.0057	1.35	0.1794	0.2470	13.0610	0.9507

^*Significance at the 5% level. For definitions of the statistical terms and validity of the tests see Table 1.

^†Indicates the number of months suitable for P. falciparum malaria transmission defined by the Garnham criteria²⁴ and includes annual observations from 1901 to 1995.