Table 4.
The relationship between neighbourhood density of food outlets and food intake frequency per week: boys and girls aged 9–10 years, Norfolk, England, April–July 2007
| Number of supermarkets per km2 |
Number of convenience stores per km2 |
Number of other food shops per km2 |
Number of other takeaways per km2 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | β (per unit increase) | 95 % CI | β (per unit increase) | 95 % CI | β (per unit increase) | 95 % CI | β (per unit increase) | 95 % CI | |
| Fruit | 1 | 0·18 | −0·11, 0·48 | 0·15* | −0·01, 0·30 | 0·06 | −0·04, 0·16 | 0·09 | −0·03, 0·18 |
| 2 | 0·26 | −0·05, 0·57 | 0·13 | −0·06, 0·32 | 0·07 | −0·03, 0·18 | 0·09 | −0·01, 0·19 | |
| Fruit juices | 1 | 0·17 | −0·22, 0·44 | 0·33** | 0·18, 0·48 | 0·06 | −0·08, 0·20 | 0·12* | 0·00, 0·24 |
| 2 | −0·08 | −0·42, 0·25 | 0·25** | 0·05, 0·45 | 0·01 | −0·12, 0·13 | 0·06 | −0·07, 0·20 | |
| Vegetables | 1 | 0·15 | −0·19, 0·49 | 0·04 | −0·15, 0·23 | 0·02 | −0·07, 0·11 | 0·08 | −0·03, 0·18 |
| 2 | 0·31* | 0·00, 0·63 | 0·09 | −0·10, 0·27 | 0·05 | −0·03, 0·14 | 0·12* | 0·01, 0·23 | |
| Crisps | 1 | −0·03 | −0·29, 0·22 | 0·04 | −0·10, 0·17 | 0·01 | −0·07, 0·10 | 0·02 | −0·05, 0·09 |
| 2 | −0·14 | −0·48, 0·14 | 0·03 | −0·13, 0·18 | −0·01 | −0·09, 0·07 | 0·01 | −0·07, 0·09 | |
| Chips | 1 | 0·19 | −0·02, 0·41 | 0·10 | −0·01, 0·19 | 0·04 | −0·01, 0·10 | 0·05* | 0·00, 0·08 |
| 2 | 0·12 | −0·14, 0·37 | 0·06 | −0·06, 0·19 | 0·02 | −0·03, 0·07 | 0·03 | −0·02, 0·08 | |
| Sweets | 1 | 0·36* | 0·09, 0·64 | 0·08 | −0·05, 0·21 | 0·05 | −0·04, 0·14 | 0·05 | −0·03, 0·12 |
| 2 | 0·26 | −0·04, 0·56 | 0·00 | −0·15, 0·14 | 0·02 | −0·07, 0·11 | 0·00 | −0·08, 0·09 | |
| Chocolate | 1 | 0·15 | −0·15, 0·45 | 0·03 | −0·11, 0·17 | 0·00 | −0·08, 0·08 | −0·01 | −0·09, 0·07 |
| 2 | 0·12 | −0·19, 0·43 | 0·02 | −0·14, 0·17 | 0·00 | −0·08, 0·08 | −0·03 | −0·12, 0·06 | |
| Sugary soft drinks | 1 | 0·26* | 0·00, 0·52 | 0·11 | −0·06, 0·27 | 0·04 | −0·04, 0·13 | 0·07 | −0·01, 0·14 |
| 2 | 0·14 | −0·14, 0·43 | 0·06 | −0·15, 0·22 | −0·01 | −0·08, 0·09 | 0·04 | −0·06, 0·11 | |
| Breakfast cereals | 1 | 0·31* | 0·02, 0·61 | 0·20 | −0·02, 0·40 | 0·09* | 0·02, 0·20 | 0·15* | 0·04, 0·26 |
| 2 | 0·11 | −0·20, 0·42 | 0·11 | −0·10, 0·32 | 0·05 | −0·02, 0·15 | 0·11 | −0·01, 0·23 | |
| White bread | 1 | 0·49** | 0·17, 0·80 | 0·11* | 0·02, 0·40 | 0·09 | −0·01, 0·17 | 0·12* | 0·02, 0·21 |
| 2 | 0·24 | −0·05, 0·53 | 0·10 | −0·08, 0·28 | 0·02 | −0·08, 0·10 | 0·05 | −0·06, 0·16 | |
Model 1: adjusted for gender, clustered by school.
*
Model 2: adjusted for BMI, parental education, Index of Multiple Deprivation score, location and gender, clustered by school. Coefficient was significant: P<0·05,
**
P<0·01.