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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jan 16.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Food Microbiol. 2011 Apr 21;152(3):75–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.04.017

Figure 1. Mechanisms of Signal Integration.

Figure 1

a. Tandem Promoters. Transcription of a gene driven by multiple tandem promoters controlled by different two-component regulatory systems. Two transcripts of different size are shown to emphasize their initiation at different promoters. b. Sensor Versatility. Sensing of different environmental signals by a single sensor protein. c. Counter-Silencing. Transcriptional silencing by an endogenous nucleoid-associated protein (small purple squares) is antagonized by a transcriptional activator (light purple) and a second DNA-binding protein (teal) in response to different environmental signals. d. Signaling Cascade. A transcriptional activator (light green) is maintained in an active state either by its cognate sensor-kinase (light blue) or by a protein (dark green) under the control of a separate two-component regulatory system.