Table 5.
Adjusted Association of Demographic Characteristics, Economic Risk Factors, and Household Food Insecurity with Poor Physical Health, by Urban/Rural Residence1
| Rural (n = 875) |
Urban (n = 404) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years | ||||
| 18–44 | 0.72 (0.40, 1.27) | 0.256 | 0.63 (0.25, 1.56) | 0.314 |
| 45–64 | 1.53 (0.94, 2.48) | 0.089 | 1.02 (0.41, 2.56) | 0.957 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Nonwhitea | 1.28 (0.79, 2.09) | 0.311 | 0.91 (0.42, 1.97) | 0.804 |
| Education | ||||
| <12 years | 2.22 (1.35, 3.65) | 0.002 | 2.45 (1.03, 5.82) | 0.043 |
| Economic risk factors | ||||
| Household incomeb | ||||
| Poverty | 2.14 (1.30, 3.51) | 0.003 | 1.68 (0.72, 3.89) | 0.227 |
| Low income | 1.87 (1.10, 3.17) | 0.021 | 3.12 (1.34, 7.26) | 0.008 |
| Employment | ||||
| Not employed full-time | 2.49 (1.53, 4.05) | <0.001 | 1.85 (0.86, 3.98) | 0.118 |
| Household food security | ||||
| Food insecurity | 1.99 (1.30, 3.04) | 0.002 | 2.39 (1.26, 4.52) | 0.008 |
| Pseudo R2 of model | 0.115 | 0.111 | ||
| Significance of χ2 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
1
All variables entered simultaneously; model estimated with White-corrected standard errors.
a
Nonwhite includes black or African Americans, Hispanics, and “other races”
b
Poverty = ≤ 100% FPL; Low income = 101–199% FPL