Table 4.
Results for the nutritional study. Left panel: Estimated values, associated standard error, and P-value by using the ordinary least squares. Right panel: Estimates, associated standard errors of the coefficients using the APLM with the proposed variable selection procedures.
| LS | APLM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Est. | s.e | z value | Pr(> |z|) | SCAD (s.e.) | LASSO (s.e.) | BIC (s.e.) | |
| BMI | -0.976 | 0.202 | -4.829 | < 10−4 | -0.947(0.189) | -0.948(0.173) | -1.001(0.188) |
| CALORIES | 0 | 0 | -0.457 | 0.648 | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| FAT | -0.002 | 0.003 | -0.711 | 0.477 | 0(0) | -0.001(0.001) | 0(0) |
| FIBER | 0.027 | 0.012 | 2.352 | 0.019 | 0.021(0.007) | 0.019(0.007) | 0.025(0.008) |
| BETADIET | 0.137 | 0.073 | 1.889 | 0.06 | 0.046(0.027) | 0.101(0.051) | 0(0) |
| GENDER | 0.277 | 0.135 | 2.06 | 0.04 | 0.194(0.088) | 0.201(0.096) | 0(0) |
| ALCOHOL | 0.043 | 0.048 | 0.901 | 0.368 | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| SMOKE2 | -0.068 | 0.091 | -0.742 | 0.458 | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| SMOKE3 | -0.286 | 0.13 | -2.191 | 0.029 | -0.245(0.097) | -0.224(0.096) | -0.293(0.117) |
| AGE | 0.005 | 0.003 | 1.724 | 0.086 | |||
| CHOL | -0.015 | 0.114 | -0.133 | 0.894 | |||