Table 3.
Evaluation of collection and POCT devices for drugs in OF including types of samples tested, drug classes evaluated, diagnostic sensitivity (SN), diagnostic specificity (SP), efficiency (EFF), recovery of drug from the device, % device failures, and references.
| Type | THC | OPa | AMP | COC | BENZO | Confirmation | SN (%) | SP (%) | EFF (%) | Recovery (%) | Failures (%) | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POCT devices | |||||||||||||
| American Bio Medica OralStat | F | x | x | x | x | x | HPLC GC-MS | 0–100 | 100 | 71.4–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | |
| Biomar Toxiquick | D | x | x | x | x | GC-MSb HPLC-DAD | 42.1–100 | 63.9–88.7 | 64.3–86.1 | — | Biermann et al. (19) | ||
| Branan Oratect | F | x | x | x | x | GC-MS or LC-MS/MS | 0–100 | 33.3–100 | 71.4–100 | — | Crouch et al. (84) | ||
| Cozart DDSV | T | x | GC-MS | 44.4 | 100 | 60 | — | 0 | Kintz et al. (14) | ||||
| Cozart RapiScan | T | x | x | GC-MS | Opiates 96.7 COC 98.2 | 100 | Opiates 98.0 COC 99.0 | — | Cooper et al. (21) | ||||
| Cozart RapiScan | E | x | ELISA & GC-MS | ELISA 98.6 GC- MS 91.3 | ELISA/GC-MS: 98.1/98.9 | ELISA/GC-MS: 98.2/97.5 | — | Kacinko et al. (49) | |||||
| Cozart RapiScan | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | 5.0–100 | 40.0–100 | 45.7–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | |
| Cozart RapiScan | — | x | GC-MS | 98.3 | 96.9 | 97.3 | — | Wilson et al. (85) | |||||
| Dräger Drug Test | D | x | x | x | x | LC-MS | 22.2–90.1 | 89.8–100 | 77.7–97.3 | — | 10.2 | Concheiro et al. (17) | |
| Dräger Drug Test | D | x | LC-MS/MS | 49.5 | 100 | 55.0 | — | Laloup et al. (86) | |||||
| Envitec SmartClip | F | x | x | x | HPLC or GC-MS | 65–100 | 33.3–100 | 65.7–97.1 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | |||
| LifePoint Impact | F | x | x | x | x | HPLC or GC-MS | 70.0–100 | 33.3–100 | 71.4–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | ||
| OraSure Uplink | F | x | x | x | x | MS | 10.0–100 | 33.3–100 | 74.3–100 | — | Crouch et al. (84) | ||
| Securetec DrugWipe | D | x | x | x | x | ELISA/MSb | 7.7–42.9 | 97.4–99.6 | 86.1–98.1 | — | 0.7 | Crouch et al. (18) | |
| Securetec DrugWipe | D | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | 50.0–100 | 84.2–99.3 | 79.2–98.6 | — | 5.3 | Pehrsson et al. (67) |
| Securetec DrugWipe | F | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | 50.0–100 | 100 | 71.4–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | ||
| Sun OraLine IV s.a.t. | T | x | GC-MS | 69.2 | 91.7 | 80.0 | — | 10.3 | Cirimele et al. (87) | ||||
| Sun OraLine IV s.a.t. | F | x | x | x | x | HPLC or GC-MS | 100 | 0–100 | 54.3–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | ||
| Ulti-Med SalivaScreen | F | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | 65.0–100 | 33.3–100 | 71.4–94.3 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | ||
| Varian OraLab | D | x | x | x | x | LC-MS | 50.0–100 | 97.9–100 | 71.4–100 | — | 24.5 | Concheiro et al. (17) | |
| Ansys OralLab | F | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | 40.0–100 | 33.3–100 | 71.4–100 | — | Walsh et al. (20) | ||
| Collection devices | |||||||||||||
| Acro Biotech Salicule | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | >90 except THC 45.9 | Langel et al. (3) | ||||
| Cozart | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 66.0–91.6 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Cozart DDS | T | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS or LC-MS | — | — | — | 91.1–100 | — | Speedy et al. (32) |
| Dräger DCD 5000 | F | x | LC-MS/MS | — | — | — | >90 | — | Kempf et al. (88) | ||||
| Greiner Bio-One Saliva Collection System | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 73.6–98.5; >80, except THC | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Immunalysis Quantisal | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | >80, except THC 55.8 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Immunalysis Quantisal | F | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 86.7–96.6 | — | Moore et al. (46) | ||||
| Immunalysis Quantisal | Fs | x | x | x | x | x | LC-MS/MS | — | — | — | 81.3–109.4 | — | Quintela et al. (33) |
| Malvern Medical OraCol | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | <12.5–81.5 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Orasure Intercept | F | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 53.0–83.4 | — | Kauert et al. (16) | ||||
| Orasure Intercept | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | >80, except THC 37.6 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Sarstedt Salivette | T | x | x | LC-MS/MS | — | — | — | OP 73.9–95.3 except PV 30.8–35.2, NC 56.4–63.4 COC 74.3–114.9 except pOHBE 47.4–49.6 | — | Dams et al. (89) | |||
| Sarstedt Salivette | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | <12.5–51.8 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| StatSure Saliva Sampler | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 81.3–91.1 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
| Varian OraTube | F | x | x | x | x | x | GC-MS | — | — | — | 39.8–86.7 | — | Langel et al. (3) |
a
OP, opioids; AMP, amphetamines; COC, cocaine; BENZO, benzodiazepines; F, fortified; T, treatment; D, DUID; DAD, diode array detection; E, experimental; s, synthetic OF; PV, papaverine; NC, noscapine; pOHBE, p-hydroxybenzoylecgonine.
b
Confirmation in blood.