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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jul 15;124(2):219–234. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.06.012

Fig. 3. The RIG-I and MDA-5 signaling pathway.

Fig. 3

Short dsRNA’s or 5’-triphosphate ssRNA’s activate RIG-I which associates with mitochondrial IPS-1 to trigger FADD/RIP1 (innateosome) controlled activation of the type I interferon genes. Longer RNA’s generated from picornaviruses trigger MDA5-mediated activation of type I IFN. The RIG-I/IPS-1 pathway also requires the assistance of STING to activate type I IFN, which resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). STING may regulate the translocon composed of the TRAP complex and Sec61, which in turn may regulate exocyst-mediated stimulation of the TBK-1 pathway. STING also appears pivotal in regulating DNA-mediated triggering of type I IFN production.