Table 1.
Characteristics of Medicare Advantage (MA) and FFS Beneficiaries
| Weighted% | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | MA (n = 132,960), 17.1% Weighted) | FFS (n = 202,289, 82.9% Weighted) | |
| Independent variables designating subgroups of interest† | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 54.2 | 54.8 | 54.1** |
| Male | 39.7 | 38.6 | 39.9*** |
| Unknown gender | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.0*** |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 7.0 | 7.7 | 6.9*** |
| Hispanic | 6.3 | 12.0 | 5.2*** |
| White | 74.5 | 68.7 | 75.7*** |
| Native American | 1.9 | 1.5 | 2.0*** |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 1.8 | 2.8 | 1.6*** |
| Unknown race | 8.4 | 7.4 | 8.6*** |
| Age | |||
| 85 or older | 8.9 | 8.6 | 9.0* |
| 65–84 | 73.2 | 76.1 | 72.7*** |
| 18–64 | 11.5 | 8.4 | 12.2*** |
| Did not graduate high school (versus did) | 19.7 | 22.8 | 19.1*** |
| Deemed eligible for LIS (versus not eligible) | 17.1 | 13.8 | 17.8*** |
| Fair or poor self-ratedgeneral health (versus good, very good, or excellent) | 32.0 | 27.4 | 32.9*** |
| Covariates | |||
| Mental health | |||
| Excellent | 28.8 | 30.4 | 28.4*** |
| Very good | 31.2 | 31.7 | 31.1** |
| Good | 26.9 | 26.6 | 26.9 |
| Fair | 10.7 | 9.4 | 10.9*** |
| Poor | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.7*** |
| Proxy status | |||
| Proxy answered | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| Proxy helped | 7.1 | 6.9 | 7.2* |
| No proxy help | 89.8 | 90.2 | 89.8** |
| Dually eligible for Medicaid | 9.3 | 5.4 | 10.1*** |
| Hospital referral region (as 305 fixed effects) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Note. The p-values correspond to differences between MA and FFS in a logistic regression for gender, race/ethnicity, age, no diploma, LIS, and dual eligible, and linear regression for the remainder.
†
Subgroup of interest is in boldface; reference group is in italics; other groups not in the comparison are in standard typeface.
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
***
p<0.001.
FFS, fee-for-service; LIS, low-income subsidy.