Table 2.
Regression Models of Belief That PSA Testing Is a Decision Scale and Shared or Autonomous PSA Decision Making (Preferred and Actual), at 12 Months
| Belief That PSA Testing Is a Decision Scale (N = 373) | Preferred Level of Involvement (N = 370)* | Actual Level of Involvement (N = 346)† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Coefficient (SE) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p |
| Intervention group | ||||||
| Prostate Only | 0.55 (0.12) | <.001 | 6.35 (1.88, 21.41) | .003 | 2.29 (0.95, 5.51) | .064 |
| Men's Health | 0.44 (0.10) | <.001 | 2.40 (1.01, 5.70) | .048 | 2.04 (1.02, 4.11) | .045 |
| Age | 0.00 (0.01) | .414 | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | .011 | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | .206 |
| Black race | −0.26 (0.11) | .022 | 0.48 (0.17, 1.36) | .167 | 1.51 (0.63, 3.64) | .357 |
| Married | −0.16 (0.11) | .174 | 0.97 (0.37, 2.56) | .950 | 0.86 (0.42, 1.78) | .686 |
| Education | ||||||
| College or more | 0.08 (0.14) | .571 | 0.56 (0.17, 1.85) | .344 | 1.03 (0.45, 2.39) | .939 |
| Some college | −0.18 (0.14) | .201 | 0.76 (0.22, 2.66) | .669 | 1.70 (0.64, 4.51) | .286 |
| Income | ||||||
| U.S.$60,000 or more | 0.08 (0.11) | .477 | 1.07 (0.34, 3.33) | .912 | 2.21 (0.92, 5.30) | .077 |
| U.S.$40,000–U.S.$59,999 | 0.26 (0.13) | .047 | 0.82 (0.28, 2.37) | .713 | 1.16 (0.49, 2.73) | .734 |
| Health status | ||||||
| Excellent/very good | 0.10 (0.17) | .569 | 0.24 (0.04, 1.53) | .131 | 1.47 (0.53, 4.08) | .463 |
| Good | 0.04 (0.17) | .834 | 0.27 (0.04, 1.74) | .166 | 1.55 (0.54, 4.44) | .409 |
| Have a personal physician | −0.07 (0.13) | .591 | 1.01 (0.31, 3.24) | .988 | 1.18 (0.45, 3.07) | .732 |
| Most recent PSA test | ||||||
| >1 year | 0.30 (0.13) | .023 | 1.28 (0.42, 3.93) | .666 | 1.14 (0.47, 2.73) | .773 |
| 6 months–1 year | 0.10 (0.11) | .378 | 1.25 (0.49, 3.21) | .641 | 0.85 (0.40, 1.80) | .663 |
| Never | 0.55 (0.18) | .002 | 1.47 (0.27, 8.01) | .654 | 1.51 (0.48, 4.74) | .477 |
| Have had cancer other than prostate cancer | −0.02 (0.10) | .824 | 0.64 (0.29, 1.21) | .654 | 1.44 (0.69, 3.04) | .333 |
| Knowledge of prostate cancer | 0.11 (0.02) | <.001 | 1.19 (0.99, 1.42) | .059 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | .819 |
| Perceived risk of prostate cancer | ||||||
| Very/somewhat high | 0.00 (0.12) | .995 | 1.27 (0.37, 4.30) | .699 | 0.95 (0.38, 2.35) | .904 |
| Moderate | −0.14 (0.10) | .157 | 0.62 (0.24, 1.61) | .327 | 0.87 (0.44, 1.73) | .693 |
| Self-efficacy | −0.16 (0.06) | .016 | 0.45 (0.22, 0.90) | .024 | 0.53 (0.32, 0.88) | .015 |
| Had a PSA discussion with doctor | −0.36 (0.11) | .001 | 2.57 (1.06, 6.26) | .037 | 3.31 (1.66, 6.59) | <.001 |
| Amount of prostate cancer information seen or heard in past year | ||||||
| A lot | −0.27 (0.13) | .043 | 2.81 (0.80, 9.86) | .106 | 1.28 (0.51, 3.21) | .592 |
| Some | −0.11 (0.10) | .278 | 1.55 (0.70, 3.43) | .283 | 0.95 (0.48, 1.89) | .892 |
| Decisional uncertainty | – | – | 1.34 (0.85, 2.10) | .202 | 1.66 (1.13, 2.44) | .010 |
Note. Linear regression model was used for continuous belief that PSA testing is a decision scale scores and logistic regression models were used for categorical responses concerning preferred and actual involvement in decision. Reference categories are control group, white race, not married, high school or less education, less than $40,000 income, fair/poor health, no personal doctor, PSA test less than 6 months ago, no cancer, very/somewhat low risk, no discussion, and none/a little information.
Prefer shared responsibility or to make decision themselves (“I prefer that my doctor and I share responsibility for the decision,”“I prefer to make the final decision after seriously considering my doctor's opinion,” or “I prefer to make the final decision”) versus prefer doctor make decision (“I prefer that my doctor make the final decision but seriously consider my opinion” or “I prefer to leave all decisions to my doctor”).
Shared responsibility or made the decision themselves (“My doctor and I shared responsibility for the decision,”“I made the final decision after seriously considering my doctor's opinion,” and “I made the final decision”) versus doctor made decision (“My doctor made the final decision but seriously considered my opinion” or “I left the decision to my doctor”).