Partial inhibition of morphological changes with Srl-neutralized culture filtrate in parallel with decreased formation of the actin aggregate in cells. (A) C. difficile ATCC 9689 culture filtrate was prepared by incubation with anti-Srl antibody or control rabbit IgG for 1 h at the indicated concentrations. MDCK cells were then treated for 24 h with a preparation of the culture filtrate, and morphological changes (the cytopathic effect) of the cells were scored by dilution endpoints. Results are means ± SD of three independent measurements. *, P < 0.01; **, P < 0.001. (B) MDCK cells were treated for 3 h with a preparation of C. difficile ATCC 9689 culture filtrate. Cells were fixed and stained with TRITC-phalloidin and DAPI. The percentage of cells that formed an actin aggregate was calculated. Results are means ± SD of three independent measurements. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.