Tat activates HIV-rtTA gene expression. 293T cells were transfected with the HIV-rtTA constructs and 0 to 50 ng of pTat. After the cells were cultured with dox for 48 h, the CA-p24 levels in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. Average values obtained in multiple experiments are shown (n = 6 to 9), with error bars indicating standard deviations. A two-sided unpaired-sample t test was used to identify statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) between the wt and Tat mutants at 0 ng of pTat (a, asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference between the wt and mutant) and between the HIV-rtTA construct at 0 ng of pTat and the same construct at 0.5, 5, or 50 ng of pTat (b, asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference between the constructs without and with pTat). When no asterisk is shown, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.01).