Table 4.
Strategies evaluated for contrast-induced nephropathy risk reduction
| Preventive strategies | Efficacy |
|---|---|
| Pharmacologic strategies | |
| Hydration | Beneficial |
| Sodium bicarbonate | Inconsistent data |
| Furosemide | May be harmful |
| Mannitol | May be harmful |
| N-acetylcysteine | Inconsistent data |
| Dopamine | No benefit |
| Fenoldopam | No benefit |
| Theophylline/aminophylline | Inconsistent data |
| Calcium channel blockers | Inconsistent data |
| ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker | Inconsistent data |
| Atrial natriuretic peptide | No benefit |
| Prostaglandin E1 | May be beneficial |
| Statins | May be beneficial |
| Nonpharmacologic strategies | |
| Hemodialysis | Inconsistent data |
| Hemofiltration | May be beneficial |
| Benephit™ infusion system | May be beneficial |
| RenalGuard® system | May be beneficial |
Abbreviation: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.