Table 3.
Prostate cancer in vitro and ex vivo studies
| Apoptosis/proliferation mediated by | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human cell line/tissue | Expressing | Apoptosis | Proliferation | CB1 | CB2 | Reference |
| PC-3 | CB1 | ↑ by Δ9-THC | – | Not AM251 | – | Ruiz et al., 1999 |
| DU-145 | CB1, low CB2 | – | ↓ by AEA, 2-AG, MET, HU-210, arvanil | SR1 for AEA, arvanil | Not SR2 for AEA, arvanil | Melck et al., 2000 |
| DU-145 | – | – | ↓ by AEA, arvanil, HU-210 enhanced by PEA | – | – | Di Marzo et al., 2001 |
| PC-3 | – | – | ↓ by Δ9-THC | Not SR1 | – | Velasco et al., 2001 |
| PC-3 | – | – | ↑ by Δ9-THC | SR1 | – | Velasco et al., 2001 |
| PC-3 | – | ↑ by AEA | ↓ by AEA | SR1 for apo | SR2 for apo; not SR2 for pro | Mimeault et al., 2003 |
| LNCaP | – | ↑ by AEA | ↓ by AEA | SR1 for pro | Not SR2 for pro | Mimeault et al., 2003 |
| DU-145 | ||||||
| PC-3 | CB1, CB2 | – | ↑ by Δ9-THC, MET | – | – | Sánchez et al., 2003a |
| LNCaP | – | – | ↑ by Δ9-THC, MET | SR1 for MET | SR2 for MET | Sánchez et al., 2003b |
| LNCaP | – | – | ↓ by JWH-015 | – | – | Sánchez et al., 2003b |
| PC-3 | CB1, CB2 | – | ↓ by Noladin ether, WIN-2, MET | – | – | Nithipatikom et al., 2004 |
| DU-145 | ||||||
| PC-3 | CB1, CB2 | – | ↓ by endocannabinoid hydrolysis blockade (MAFP) | SR1 | – | Nithipatikom et al., 2004 |
| DU-145 | ||||||
| LNCaP | CB1, CB2 | – | – | – | – | Nithipatikom et al., 2004 |
| PC-3 | FAAH | – | – | – | – | Ruiz-Llorente et al., 2004 |
| PC-3 | – | – | ↓ by 2-AG hydrolysis blockade (OTFP) | SR1 | – | Nithipatikom et al., 2005 |
| DU-145 | – | – | ↓ by 2-AG hydrolysis blockade (OTFP) | – | – | Nithipatikom et al., 2005 |
| LNCaP | CB1, CB2 | ↑ by WIN-2 | ↓ by WIN-2 | SR1 | SR2 | Sarfaraz et al., 2005 |
| DU-145 | CB1, CB2 | – | – | – | – | Sarfaraz et al., 2005 |
| PC-3 | ||||||
| CWR22Rv1 | ||||||
| CA-HPV-10 | ||||||
| DU-145 | – | CBD no Δ | ↓ by CBD, CBG, CBC, CBD acid, THC acid | – | – | Ligresti et al., 2006 |
| LNCaP | – | ↑ by WIN-2 | – | – | – | Sarfaraz et al., 2006 |
| PC-3 | – | – | ↓ by 2-AG hydrolysis blockade (OTFP) | – | – | Endsley et al., 2007 |
| Prostate tumour | FAAH high | – | – | – | – | Endsley et al., 2008 |
| LNCaP | FAAH high | – | ↓ by FAAH blockade (CAY10401) | – | – | Endsley et al., 2008 |
| DU-145 | FAAH medium | – | – | – | – | Endsley et al., 2008 |
| PC-3 | FAAH low | – | – | – | – | Endsley et al., 2008 |
| LNCaP | FAAH | – | – | – | – | Wang et al., 2008 |
| PC-3 | ||||||
| DU-145 | ||||||
| Prostate tumour | CB1 high in severe cancer | – | – | – | – | Chung et al., 2009 |
| Prostate tumour | CB1 high | – | – | – | – | Czifra et al., 2009 |
| PC-3 | – | ↑ by MET, JWH-015 | ↓ by MET, JWH-015 | Not SR1 | SR2 apo | Olea-Herrero et al., 2009a |
| LNCaP | – | ↑ by MET, JWH-015 | ↓ by MET, JWH-015 | – | – | Olea-Herrero et al., 2009a |
| DU-145 | ||||||
| PC-3 | – | ↑ by MET | ↓ by MET | Not SR1 | SR2 partially | Olea-Herrero et al., 2009b |
| LNCaP | CB1, CB2, FAAH | – | ↓ by EPEA | – | – | Brown et al., 2010 |
| PC-3 | CB1, CB2 | – | ↓ by EPEA | AM281 | AM630 | Brown et al., 2010 |
↑, increase; ↓, decrease; –, not tested; 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol; AEA, anandamide; apo, apoptosis; CAY10401, fatty-acid amide hydrolase inhibitor; CB1, cannabinoid receptor 1; CB2, cannabinoid receptor 2; CBC, cannabichromene; CBD, cannabidiol; CBD acid, cannabidiol acid; CBG, cannabigerol; Δ9-THC, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol; EPEA, eicospentaenoyl ethanolamide; FAAH, fatty-acid amide hydrolase; MAFP, methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate; MET, methanandamide; no Δ, no change; OTFP (3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one; PEA, palmitoylethanolamide; pro, proliferation; SR1, SR141716A; SR2, SR144528; THC acid, tetrahydrocannabinol; WIN-2, WIN55,212-2.