. 2011 Mar;17(3):498–501. doi: 10.3201/eid1703.100870

Table 1. Prevalence of point mutation haplotypes in pfdhfr and pfdhps in clinical samples from Kachin State, northeast Myanmar, 2007–2009*.

Gene	Haplotype	Codon†	Haplotype prevalence,‡ %
Gene	Haplotype	Codon†	2007, n = 41	2008, n = 40	2009, n = 36
Pfdhfr (51, 59, 108, 164)	Wild-type	NCSI	2.4	–	–
	Double mutations	NRNI	9.8	5.0	–
	Triple mutations	NRNL	31.7^a	25.0^b	36.1^a
	Triple mutations	IRNI	14.6^a	7.5^b	16.7^a
	Quadruple mutations	IRNL	41.5^a	62.5^b	47.2^a
Pfdhps (436, 437, 540, 581)	Wild-type	SAKA	2.4	–	2.8
	Single mutation	SGKA	–	2.5	2.8
	Double mutations	SGEA	9.8	2.5	–
	Double mutations	SGNA	2.4	–	–
	Triple mutations	SGEG	26.8^a	35.0^b	19.4^c
		SGNG	2.4	2.5	–
		AGEA	48.8^a	45.0^a	52.8^a
		AGNA	7.3	–	8.3
	Quadruple mutations	AGEG	–	10.0	11.1
	Quadruple mutations	AGNG	–	2.5	2.8

*Pfdhfr, Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase; Pfdhps, P. falciparum dihydropoteroate synthase; –, no such haplotype detected. †Codons in boldface indicate mutated amino acids. ‡χ² test was performed with all data points of the 2 genes, which showed that overall haplotype prevalence differed significantly between the years (χ² test, p<0.0001, χ² = 76.49, df = 28). Major dhfr and dhps haplotypes were individually compared. For each haplotype (in the same row), the labeling by different letters denotes significant difference between the years (χ² test, p<0.05).