Table 5. MDR TB among previously treated smear-positive TB patients compared with regional surveillance prevalence estimates, by NTP risk group, Lima, Peru, 2005–2008*.
| Risk factor | Total no. patients | No. (%) MDR TB | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Previously treated smear-positive TB patients in NTP regional surveillance data | 104 | 25 (24.0) | |
| Previously treated smear-positive TB patients in study cohort | 583 | 210 (36.0) | 1.78 (1.10–2.88) |
| HIV positive | 36 | 12 (33.3) | 1.58 (0.69–3.61) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 | 10 (33.3) | 1.58 (0.65–3.82) |
| Adverse reaction | 13 | 1 (7.7) | 0.26 (0.01–1.97) |
| Previous hospitalization within the past 2 y with duration >15 d | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 1.05 (0.02–13.80) |
| Health care worker during the past 2 y | 4 | 1 (25.0) | 1.05 (0.02–13.80) |
| Health sciences student during the past 2 y | 4 | 3 (75.0) | 9.48 (0.71–503.7) |
| Prisoner during the past 2 y | 24 | 4 (16.7) | 0.63 (0.20–2.02) |
| Adult case with household contact risk factor(s)† | 109 | 56 (51.4) | 3.34 (1.86–6.00) |
| Pediatric case with household contact risk factor(s)† | 7 | 3 (42.9) | 2.37 (0.32–14.92) |
| Private or self-administered treatment | 87 | 28 (32.2) | 1.50 (0.79–2.83) |
| Sputum positive during second or third month of category I treatment | 5 | 3 (60.0) | 4.74 (0.50–58.69) |
| Sputum positive during second or third month of category II treatment | 13 | 11 (84.6) | 17.38 (3.36–166.8) |
| Failure of category I treatment‡ | 30 | 22 (73.3) | 8.69 (3.44–21.93) |
| Relapsed within 6 mo after category I treatment§ | 65 | 26 (40.0) | 2.11 (1.08–4.12) |
| Defaulted while receiving category I treatment¶ | 98 | 15 (15.3) | 0.57 (0.28–1.16) |
| Failure of category II treatment‡ | 18 | 11 (61.1) | 4.97 (1.74–14.18) |
| Relapsed within 6 mo after category II treatment§ | 8 | 5 (62.5) | 5.27 (0.93–35.66) |
| Defaulted while receiving category II treatment¶ | 63 | 16 (25.4) | 1.08 (0.52–2.22) |
| Chronic treatment (>2 prior treatments)# | 253 | 97 (38.3) | 1.96 (1.17–3.29) |
*MDR, multidrug resistant; TB, tuberculosis; CI, confidence interval; NTP, National Tuberculosis Control Program. †Household contact risk factors are defined as household contact with a patient with known MDR TB, with a patient who showed TB treatment failure in the past 2 y, or with a patient being treated with second-line TB drugs. ‡Defined as positive smear and/or culture after >4 mo of treatment, or positive smear and/or culture upon finishing treatment. §Defined as recurrence of disease <6 mo after being classified as cured by NTP norms. ¶Defined as not receiving treatment >1 mo upon enrollment into the study. #Defined as a history of >2 previous TB treatments.