Table 1. Unadjusted analysis of factors associated with initial isoniazid resistance in tuberculosis disease, United States, 1993–2005*.
| Patient characteristics | No. cases with isoniazid resistance/total no. cases (%) | OR (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Origin† | |||
| US-born | 40/926 (4) | Reference | |
| Foreign-born |
69/674 (10) |
2.53 (1.66–3.88) |
<0.01 |
| Age category, y | <0.01 | ||
| <1 | 1/57 (2) | 0.14 (0–0.86) | |
| 1–<4 | 4/94 (4) | 0.34 (0.08–1.00) | |
| 4–<14 | 3/50 (6) | 0.49 (0.09–1.67) | |
| 14–<24 | 8/111 (7) | 0.59 (0.23–1.38) | |
| 24–<34 | 31/268 (12) | Reference | |
| 34–<44 | 29/344 (8) | 0.70 (0.40–1.24) | |
| 44–<54 | 14/247 (6) | 0.46 (0.22–0.92) | |
| 55–<64 | 11/157 (7) | 0.58 (0.25–1.22) | |
| 64–74 | 5/159 (3) | 0.25 (0.07–0.66) | |
| >74 |
3/127 (2) |
0.18 (0.04–0.61) |
|
| Race category | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 14/240 (6) | Reference | 0.03 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 27/578 (5) | 0.79 (0.39–1.66) | |
| Hispanic | 38/489 (8) | 1.36 (0.70–2.78) | |
| Asian/Native Hawaiian, non-Hispanic | 28/276 (10) | 1.82 (0.90–3.84) | |
| American Indian, non-Hispanic |
0/16 |
0 (0–4.02) |
|
| HIV status‡ | |||
| Negative | 32/487 (7) | Reference | |
| Positive |
26/362 (7) |
1.10 (0.62–1.95) |
0.73 |
| Sex | |||
| F | 48/650 (7) | Reference | |
| M |
61/964 (6) |
0.85 (0.56–1.28) |
0.41 |
| Homeless within the previous year | |||
| No | 99/1,426 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
3/74 (4) |
0.57 (0.11–1.78) |
0.48 |
| Resident of a long-term care facility at diagnosis | |||
| No | 105/1,491 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
2/67 (3) |
0.41 (0.05–1.57) |
0.20 |
| Resident of a correctional facility at diagnosis | |||
| No | 106/1,561 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
3/43 (7) |
1.03 (0.20–3.32) |
0.96 |
| Pulmonary disease | |||
| No | 69/1,068 (6) | Reference | |
| Yes |
40/546 (7) |
1.14 (0.74–1.74) |
0.51 |
| Abnormal chest radiograph results | |||
| No | 48/690 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
58/835 (7) |
1.00 (0.66–1.52) |
0.99 |
| Positive smear (nonsputum site) | |||
| No | 71/985 (7) | Reference | |
| Yes |
32/434 (7) |
1.02 (0.64–1.61) |
0.91 |
| Positive tuberculin skin test result | |||
| No | 24/433 (5) | Reference | |
| Yes | 36/520 (7) | 1.33 (0.75–2.38) | 0.30 |
*OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. †US-born persons were defined as persons born in the United States, Puerto Rico, or US outlying area, or born abroad to American parents; all other persons were defined as foreign-born. ‡California reported only patients matched to the California AIDS registry from 1993–2004 as HIV positive; all other California patients are missing HIV status.