. 2011 Aug 24;7:525–534. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S23113

Table 2.

Clinical effects of statins in secondary prevention: findings from recent meta-analyses and randomized controlled clinical outcomes trials

Study	Follow-up	Population	Treatments	Mean LDL-C (mg/dL)^a		Outcome
Study	Follow-up	Population	Treatments	Baseline	During treatment	Event	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Meta-analysis by Hulten et al²⁷	Median 6 months	N = 17,963 (13 trials)	High-dose statin	N/A	−34 CFB	Death and cardiovascular events over 2 years	0.81 (0.77−0.87)
Meta-analysis by Hulten et al²⁷	Median 6 months	ACS; statins initiated ≤14 days of hospitalization	Usual care, placebo, or lower-dose statin	N/A	−6 CFB	Death and cardiovascular events over 2 years	P < 0.001
Meta-analysis by Afilalo et al²⁶	Weighted mean 4.9 years	N = 19,569 (9 trials)	Statin	N/A	N/A	All-cause mortality	0.78 (0.65−0.89)
Meta-analysis by Afilalo et al²⁶	Weighted mean 4.9 years	Established CHD; age ≥ 65 years	Placebo	N/A	N/A	All-cause mortality
Meta-analysis by Cannon et al²⁸	∼2 (ACS) or 5 years (stable CHD)^b	N = 27,548 (4 trials)	High-dose statin	130	75	Coronary death or any cardiovascular event	0.84 (0.80−0.89)
Meta-analysis by Cannon et al²⁸	∼2 (ACS) or 5 years (stable CHD)^b	ACS or stable CHD	Standard-dose statin	130	101	Coronary death or any cardiovascular event	P < 0.0001
CORONA²⁹	Median 32.8 months	N = 5011	Rosuvastatin 10 mg	137	76 at 3 months	Primary outcome: death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke	0.92 (0.83−1.02)
CORONA²⁹	Median 32.8 months	Systolic heart failure; age ≥ 60 years	Placebo	136	138 at 3 months		P = 0.12
GISSI-HF³⁰	Median 3.9 years	N = 4574	Rosuvastatin 10 mg	122^c	83^c at 1 year	Primary outcome: time to death (and time to death or hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons)	1.00 (0.90−1.12)
GISSI-HF³⁰	Median 3.9 years	Chronic heart failure	Placebo	121^c	130^c at 1 year		P = 0.943 (1.01 [0.91−1.11] P = 0.903)

Notes:

Values are pooled means for meta-analyses;

mean or median follow-up time for the meta-analysis is not available; values shown are follow-up durations of individual trials included in the meta-analysis (24 months [mean] or 721 days [median] for post-ACS patients; 4.8 or 4.9 years [median] for patients with stable CHD);

values are converted from mmol/L to mg/dL.

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CFB, change from baseline; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; CORONA, Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in Heart Failure; GISS-HF, Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Insuffi cienza cardiaca Heart Failure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; N/A, not available.