Table 2.
Smoking History Variables†
| Ethnic Groups
|
Acculturation Groups
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Latino Whites | All Latinos | Low | High | |
| Cigarettes/d | ||||
| Continuous measure | 16.2 (9.1)*** | 11.0 (8.6) | 9.5 (8.2)*** | 12.3 (8.8) |
| OR | 1.04*** | 1.05*** | 1.05** | 1.04*** |
| 95% CI | 1.01–1.06 | 1.03–1.07 | 1.02–1.08 | 1.02–1.07 |
| Dichotomy: 0–10 (referent) | 38.1% | 67.0% | 75.1% | 60.4% |
| Dichotomy: ≥11 | 61.9% | 33.0% | 24.9% | 39.6% |
| OR | 1.82** | 2.17*** | 2.93*** | 1.70* |
| 95% CI | 1.23–2.70 | 1.56–3.02 | 1.67–5.12 | 1.13–2.57 |
| Years smoking | ||||
| Continuous measure | 29.1 (13.9)*** | 23.6 (13.9) | 22.6 (13.7)*** | 24.4 (14.0) |
| OR | 1.01 | 1.02*** | 1.02* | 1.02*** |
| 95% CI | 0.99–1.03 | 1.01–1.04 | 1.00–1.04 | 1.01–1.04 |
| Dichotomy: 0–10 (referent) | 28.8% | 44.3% | 48.5% | 40.5% |
| Dichotomy: ≥11 | 71.2% | 55.7% | 51.5% | 59.1% |
| OR | 1.52* | 1.95*** | 2.21** | 1.73* |
| 95% CI | 1.00–2.29 | 1.40–2.73 | 1.28–3.82 | 1.13–2.65 |
| FTND | 3.75 (2.30)*** | 2.70 (2.27) | 2.49 (2.17)* | 2.87 (2.34) |
| TTFC categories | ||||
| ≥60 min (referent) | 23.1% | 47.5% | 54.0% | 42.3% |
| 31–60 min | 13.1% | 14.0% | 12.9% | 15.0% |
| OR | 1.72 | 2.69*** | 2.39* | 2.64*** |
| 95% CI | 0.90–3.30 | 1.69–4.30 | 1.07–5.36 | 1.27–4.75 |
| 6–30 min | 40.1% | 22.8% | 22.6% | 23.1% |
| OR | 2.29*** | 2.74*** | 4.87*** | 1.77* |
| 95% CI | 1.39–3.78 | 1.82–4.12 | 2.54–9.35 | 1.04–3.00 |
| ≤5 min | 23.7% | 15.6% | 10.6% | 19.6% |
| OR | 2.08* | 3.40*** | 4.78*** | 2.53*** |
| 95% CI | 1.18–3.67 | 2.13–5.45 | 2.00–11.27 | 1.44–4.46 |
| Quit confidence, % confident | 57.4%* | 62.7% | 58.6%* | 65.9% |
| Dichotomy: not confident (referent) | — | — | — | — |
| Dichotomy: confident | ||||
| OR | 0.72 | 0.60** | 0.75 | 0.50*** |
| 95% CI | 0.49–1.06 | 0.44–0.83 | 0.44–1.27 | 0.33–0.76 |
| Quit importance | ||||
| Continuous measure | 3.42 (1.33)*** | 3.67 (1.34) | 3.88 (1.22)*** | 3.50 (1.40) |
| Dichotomy: not important (Referent) | — | — | — | — |
| Dichotomy: important | ||||
| OR | 1.34*** | 1.17* | 1.18 | 1.22* |
| 95% CI | 1.14–1.56 | 1.02–1.34 | 0.91–1.53 | 1.04–1.44 |
| Stage of change | ||||
| Precontemplation (referent) | 35.3% | 31.0% | 28.6% | 32.7% |
| Contemplation | 48.3% | 39.7% | 33.0% | 44.4% |
| OR | 1.22 | 1.22 | 1.86 | 1.13 |
| 95% CI | 0.76–1.96 | 0.76–1.96 | 0.73–4.72 | 0.79–1.60 |
| Preparation | 16.4% | 29.3% | 38.4% | 22.9% |
| OR | 3.41*** | 1.28 | 1.57 | 1.72 |
| 95% CI | 1.72–6.74 | 0.79–2.08 | 0.63–3.89 | 1.14–2.61 |
Table shows means and SD for continuous measures and percentages for categorical variables for participants in each of the two ethnic groups (non-Latino whites and all Latinos) and in each of the two Latino subgroups, defined on the basis of language acculturation (low language acculturation and high language acculturation) for variables related to smoking, dependence, and attitudes toward quitting. CI indicates confidence interval; FTND, Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence; OR, odds ratio for history of nicotine replacement therapy use as a function of tabled variable; and TTFC, time to first cigarette after awakening.
p < 0.05. Asterisks designate p value of subgroup difference within ethnic groups and acculturation groups, respectively.
p< 0.01.
p < 0.001.