Table 3.

Cytotoxicity data on UCNPs to different cells

cells	nanoparticles (NPs)	NPs concentration/incubation time	cell viability	Ref.
BMS cells 1	NaYF4:Yb,Er@PEI	1 μg/ml for 24–48 h	~100%	111
		25 μg/ml for 24–48 h	>90%	111
BMS cells	NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2	25 μg/ml for 24 h	91.1%	112
skeletal myoblasts	NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2	50 μg/ml for 24 h	93.3%	112
Panc 1 cells 2	NaYF4:Yb,Tm	2 mg/ml for 10 min	>90%	113
SK-BR-3 cells	NaYF4@Ab-siRNA3	50 μg/ml for 24 h	98.6%	116
		80 μg/ml for 24 h	92.5%	116
human osteosarcoma cells	NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2	1 mg/ml for 9 days	96.2%	117
	NaYF4:Yb,Er@PAA	1 mg/ml for 9 days	92.8%	117
KB cells 4	LaF3:Yb,Ho@mPEG5	125 μg/ml for 12 h	>85%	118
		250 μg/ml for 12 h	>80%	118
KB cells	NaYF4:Yb,Tm@PAA	6–480 μg/ml for 24 h	>94%	119
		480 μg/ml for 48 h	>80%	119

¹bone marrow-derived stem cells

²human pancreatic cancer cells

³anti-Her2 antibody conjugated NaYF₄ UCNPs with siRNA attached

⁴human nasopharyngeal epidermal carcinoma cell line

⁵mPEG = polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether