Table 1. Risk for having the metabolic syndrome in adulthood (in 2001) defined by the NCEP, the EGIR, and the IDF criteria according to levels of depressive symptoms. OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.
| Women (N=538) | Men (N=383) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCEP | EGIR | IDF | NCEP | EGIR | IDF | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Depressive symptoms in 1992a | ||||||
| Adjustment in addition to age: | ||||||
| None | 1.43 (1.00-1.15)** | 1.33 (0.99-1.79) | 1.43 (1.11-1.84)** | 1.06 (0.81-1.38) | 0.93 (0.68-1.27) | 1.18 (0.92-1.51) |
| Childhood metabolic componentsb | 1.39 (1.05-1.86)* | 1.29 (0.94-1.76) | 1.39 (1.06-1.81)* | 1.08 (0.82-1.43) | 0.87 (0.63-1.22) | 1.12 (0.86-1.46) |
| Childhood socioeconomic statusc | 1.43 (1.09-1.88)* | 1.32 (0.98-1.77) | 1.43 (1.11-1.83)** | 1.03 (0.78-1.36) | 0.90 (0.65-1.25) | 1.16 (0.90-1.49) |
| Adulthood health behaviorsd | 1.36 (1.02-1.80)* | 1.29 (0.95-1.76) | 1.38 (1.06-1.79)* | 1.03 (0.82-1.41) | 0.92 (0.66-1.29) | 1.19 (0.92-1.53) |
| Adulthood socioeconomic statuse | 1.40 (1.06-1.84)* | 1.30 (0.97-1.76) | 1.41 (1.09-1.82)** | 1.05 (0.80-1.37) | 0.91 (0.66-1.25) | 1.16 (0.90-1.49) |
| Adulthood C-reactive protein | 1.89 (1.02-1.88)* | 1.22 (0.88-1.67) | 1.37 (1.04-1.82)* | 1.06 (0.80-1.39) | 0.91 (0.65-1.26) | 1.18 (0.91-1.54) |
| All of the above | 1.37 (0.96-1.94) | 1.20 (0.84-1.73) | 1.34 (0.99-1-82) | 1.05 (0.76-1.45) | 0.85 (0.57-1.29) | 1.12 (0.84-1.51) |
| Depressive symptoms in 2001a | ||||||
| Adjustment in addition to age: | ||||||
| None | 1.50 (1.15-1.97)** | 1.42 (1.06-1.90)* | 1.48 (1.15-1.90)** | 1.14 (0.87-1.48) | 1.02 (0.75-1.39) | 1.09 (0.85-1.40) |
| Childhood metabolic componentsb | 1.39 (1.05-1.84)* | 1.32 (0.98-1.79) | 1.36 (1.04-1.76)* | 1.13 (0.85-1.02) | 0.92 (0.66-1.28) | 1.02 (0.78-1.33) |
| Childhood socioeconomic status c | 1.50 (1.15-1.97)** | 1.39 (1.04-1.87)* | 1.48 (1.15-1.90)** | 1.18 (0.90-1.55) | 1.04 (0.76-1.42) | 1.12 (0.86-1.45) |
| Adulthood health behaviorsd | 1.35 (1.01-1.79)* | 1.33 (0.97-1.81) | 1-36 (1.05-1.78)* | 1.08 (0.82-1.42) | 0.91 (0.66-1.25) | 1.05 (0.81-1.37) |
| Adulthood socioeconomic statuse | 1.49 (1.14-1.95)** | 1.41 (1.05-1.88)* | 1.47 (1.15-1.89)* | 1.16 (0.89-1.52) | 1.04 (0.76-1.43) | 1.12 (0.86-1.44) |
| Adulthood C-reactive protein | 1.51 (1.12-2.04)** | 1.33 (0.98-1.82) | 1.45 (1.10-1.90)** | 1.09 (0.82-1.44) | 0.95 (0.68-1.32) | 1.03 (0.79-1.12) |
| All of the above | 1.34 (0.94-1.90) | 1.21 (0.86-1.72) | 1.28 (0.94-1.75) | 1.11 (0.81-1.52) | 0.83 (0.56-1.23) | 1.00 (0.74-1.35) |
Scores were standardized; odds ratios indicate risk for having the metabolic syndrome per each 1-standard deviation change in depressive symptoms.
Body-mass index, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum insulin entered as continuous variables.
The following indicators of SES were entered separately into the model: parental educational level (low, intermediate, high), parental occupational status (manual, lower non-manual, upper non-manual), family annual income (an 8-point scale).
Smoking (regular vs. irregular, number of cigarettes per day, and total years of smoking during lifetime), main source of dietary fat, heavy alcohol consumption, physical activity.
Participants' educational level (low, intermediate, high).
p < .05,
p < .01
p < .001