Table 3.

GMU Core interventions

1.	No mechanical restraints and where possible, no pharmacological restraints. After trying all non-pharmacological methods and patient proves to be a danger to himself and others, then antipsychotics and sedative-hypnotics are used carefully at the lowest possible dose and to tail down the dose and remove the pharmacological agent once not required.
2.	Thrice daily patient orientation via reality orientation board
3.	Early mobilization with the help of therapists and trained nurses
4.	Provision of visual aids (such as eye glasses) if available
5.	Providing adequate hearing aids/earwax disimpaction where necessary with the use of portable audio amplifier
6.	Oral volume repletion/feeding assistance with scheduled oral intake schedule
7.	Sleep enhancement using non-pharmacological sleep protocol of warm milk, relaxation tapes or music. Sedative-hypnotic agents will again be the last line management.
8.	Bright light therapy from 6-10 pm
9.	Thrice daily therapeutic activities program for cognitive stimulation and socialization
10.	Minimizing immobilizing equipments like intravenous drip, urinary catheter, oxygen tubing
11.	Daily visitor program by family to encourage communication and social support
12.	Pain management

*These core interventions was then developed as standardized protocol and incorporated into the usual nursing assessment and daily documentation sheet by way of a checklist.