Endogenous anti oxidants and oxidative stress. (a) Real-time PCR analysis of transcript expression of SOD1, SOD2, and catalase on samples from TMCM, PPARα
−/−, TMPD, and TMPDPA hearts. (b, c, and d) Western blotting analysis of protein levels of SOD1, SOD2, and catalase on samples from TMCM, PPARα
−/−, TMPD, and TMPDPA hearts. (e) Mitochondrial membrane potential estimated by JC-1 uptake assay in isolated mitochondria from TMCM, PPARα
−/−, TMPD, and TMPDPA hearts. (f) Mitochondrial aconitase activity of samples from TMCM, PPARα
−/−, TMPD, and TMPDPA hearts. *P < 0.05 versus TMCM; **P < 0.01 versus TMCM.