Table 2.

Comparison of results for different models tested using structural equation modeling

Model\indicators of goodness of fit	Cmin	df	Cmin/df	P value	CFI	RMSEA
Hypothesized model: learning in PBL is influenced by both collaborative learning and self-directed learning in a cumulative manner	7.84	5	1.57	.17	.97	.05
Alternative model 1: learning in PBL influenced only by collaborative learning	70.18	3	23.39	.00	.19	.32
Alternative model 2: learning in PBL influenced only by self-directed learning	26.33	1	26.33	.00	.41	.34
Alternative model 3: learning in PBL is influenced by both collaborative and self-directed but not in a cumulative manner	103.12	6	17.19	.00	.12	.27