Table 4a.

Association between formaldehyde and all lymphohematopoietic cancers (ICD 200–209)

	Hauptmann et al., 2009					Beane Freeman et al., 2009					Andjelkovich et al., 1995
	Embalmers case-control					NCI cohort (1934–2004)					Iron foundry workers
Measures	Category	Obs	Estimate		95% CI	Category	Obs	Estimate		95% CI	Category	Obs	Estimate		95% CI
Unexposed/Exposed	Never embalming	24	OR	1.00	—	Unexposed	33	SMR	0.86	0.61–1.21	Unexposed	8	SMR	0.89	0.38–1.76
	Ever embalming	144	OR	1.40	0.80–2.60	Exposed	286	SMR	0.94	0.84.1.06	Exposed	7	SMR	0.59	0.23–1.21
Peak Exposure	0 ppm	24	OR	1.00	—	0 ppm	33	RR	1.07	0.70–1.62
	>0–<2.0 ppm	48	OR	1.60	0.80–3.20	>0–<2.0 ppm	103	RR	1.00	—
	2.0–<4.0 ppm	55	OR	1.60	0.90–3.10	2.0–<4.0 ppm	75	RR	1.17	0.86–1.59
	≥4.0 ppm	41	OR	1.20	0.60–2.30	≥4.0 ppm	108	RR	1.37	1.03–1.81
	ptrend = .302 (exposed)					ptrend = .02 (exposed)
	ptrend = .555 (exposed and unexposed)					ptrend = .04 (exposed and unexposed)
Average Intensity	0 ppm	24	OR	1.00	—	0 ppm	33	RR	0.99	0.66–1.48
	0.1–0.4 ppm	53	OR	1.60	0.90–3.20	>0–<0.5 ppm	164	RR	1.00	–
	0.5–0.9 ppm	47	OR	1.40	0.70–2.70	0.5–<1.0 ppm	67	RR	1.29	0.97–1.73
	≥1.0 ppm	44	OR	1.30	0.70–2.50	≥1.0 ppm	55	RR	1.07	0.78–1.47
	ptrend = .443 (exposed)					ptrend > .5 (exposed)
	ptrend = .591 (exposed and unexposed)					ptrend > .5 (exposed and unexposed)
Cumulative Exposure	0 ppm-yr	24	OR	1.00	—	0 ppm-yr	33	RR	0.89	0.59.1.34
	>0–<1.5 ppm-yr	40	OR	1.30	0.60–2.50	>0–<1.5 ppm-yr	168	RR	1.00	—
	>1.5–<5.5 ppm-yr	49	OR	1.40	0.80–2.80	>1.5–<5.5 ppm-yr	49	RR	0.77	0.56–1.07
	≥5.5 ppm-yr	55	OR	1.60	0.80–3.00	≥5.5 ppm-yr	69	RR	1.07	0.8–1.42
	ptrend = .753 (exposed)					ptrend = .25 (exposed)
	ptrend = .422 (exposed and unexposed)					ptrend = .25 (exposed and unexposed)
Cumulative number of peaks ≥4.0 ppm				No association. Results not shown.
Exposure/Employment Duration	0 yrs	24	OR	1.00	—	No association. Results not shown.
	>0–20 yrs	28	OR	0.80	0.40–1.80
	>20–34 yrs	50	OR	1.50	0.80–2.80
	>34 yrs	66	OR	1.80	1.00–3.40
	ptrend = .131 (exposed)
	ptrend = .058 (exposed and unexposed)
Number of Embalmings	0	24	OR	1.00	—
	>0–1422	29	OR	0.90	0.60–1.80
	>1422–3068	62	OR	1.90	1.00–3.60
	>3068	53	OR	1.50	0.80–2.90
	ptrend = .477 (exposed)
	ptrend = .844 (exposed and unexposed)
8-Hour Time-Weighted Average Intensity	0	24	OR	1.00	—
	>0–0.10	47	OR	1.30	0.70–2.60
	>0.10–0.18	52	OR	1.60	0.80–3.10
	>0.18	45	OR	1.40	0.70–2.80
	ptrend = .635 (exposed)
	ptrend = .855 (exposed and unexposed)
Time Since First Exposure						0 yrs	30	RR	0.67	0.31–1.46
						>0–15 yrs	21	RR	1.00	–
						>15–25 yrs	46	RR	1.30	0.68–2.49
						>25–35 yrs	59	RR	0.82	0.40–1.70
						>35 yrs	163	RR	0.67	0.32–1.41
Time Since First Exposure ≥4 ppm						0 yrs	211	RR	0.57	0.36–0.88
						>0–25 yrs	28	RR	1.00	–
						>25–42 yrs	45	RR	0.69	0.41–1.17
						>42 yrs	35	RR	0.61	0.34–1.09