Table 5a.
Association between formaldehyde and cancers of lymphoid origin (ICD 200–204)
| Hauptmann et al., 2009 | Beane Freeman et al., 2009 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Embalmers case-control | NCI cohort (1934-2004) | |||||||||
| Measures | Category | Obs | Estimate | 95% CI | Category | Obs | Estimate | 95% CI | ||
| Unexposed/Exposed | Never embalming | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | |||||
| Ever embalming | 81 | OR | 1.10 | 0.50-2.10 | ||||||
| Peak Exposure | 0 ppm | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | 0 ppm | 26 | RR | 1.17 | 0.72–1.89 |
| >0–7.0 ppm | 29 | OR | 1.20 | 0.60–2.70 | >0–<2.0 ppm | 73 | RR | 1.00 | — | |
| >7.0–9.3 ppm | 37 | OR | 1.50 | 0.70–3.20 | 2.0–<4.0 ppm | 56 | RR | 1.27 | 0.89–1.82 | |
| >9.3 ppm | 15 | OR | 0.60 | 0.20–1.30 | ≥4.0 ppm | 74 | RR | 1.35 | 0.97–1.89 | |
| ptrend = .111 (exposed) | ptrend = .06 (exposed) | |||||||||
| ptrend = .523 (exposed and unexposed) | ptrend = .10 (exposed and unexposed) | |||||||||
| Average Intensity | 0 ppm | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | 0 ppm | 26 | RR | 1.08 | 0.68–1.71 |
| >0–1.4 ppm | 34 | OR | 1.40 | 0.60–2.90 | >0–<0.5 ppm | 116 | RR | 1.00 | — | |
| >1.4–1.9 ppm | 26 | OR | 1.00 | 0.50–2.20 | 0.5–<1.0 ppm | 49 | RR | 1.36 | 0.97–1.9 | |
| >1.9 ppm | 21 | OR | 0.90 | 0.40–1.90 | ≥1.0 ppm | 38 | RR | 1.05 | 0.72–1.53 | |
| ptrend = .287 (exposed) | ptrend > .5 (exposed) | |||||||||
| ptrend = .598 (exposed and unexposed) | ptrend > .5 (exposed and unexposed) | |||||||||
| Cumulative Exposure | 0 ppm-h | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | 0 ppm-yr | 26 | RR | 0.94 | 0.59–1.49 |
| >0.4058 ppm-h | 23 | OR | 0.90 | 0.40–2.00 | >0–<1.5 ppm-yr | 123 | RR | 1.00 | — | |
| >4058–9253 ppm-h | 33 | OR | 1.30 | 0.60–2.80 | >1.5–<5.5 ppm-yr | 30 | RR | 0.65 | 0.44–0.98 | |
| >9253 ppm-h | 25 | OR | 1.00 | 0.40–2.00 | ≥5.5 ppm-yr | 50 | RR | 1.06 | 0.75–1.49 | |
| ptrend = .912 (exposed) | ptrend > .5 (exposed) | |||||||||
| ptrend = .965 (exposed and unexposed) | ptrend >.5 (exposed and unexposed) | |||||||||
| Cumulative number of peaks ≥4.0 ppm | No association. Results not shown. | |||||||||
| Duration of Exposure/Employment | 0 yrs | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | No association. Results not shown. | ||||
| >0–20 yrs | 16 | OR | 0.70 | 0.30–1.60 | ||||||
| >20–34 yrs | 32 | OR | 1.20 | 0.60–2.60 | ||||||
| >34 yrs | 33 | OR | 1.20 | 0.60–2.50 | ||||||
| ptrend = .360 (exposed) | ||||||||||
| ptrend = .449 (exposed and unexposed) | ||||||||||
| Number of Embalmings | 0 | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | |||||
| >0–1422 | 17 | OR | 0.70 | 0.30–1.60 | ||||||
| >1422–3068 | 37 | OR | 1.50 | 0.70–3.00 | ||||||
| >3068 | 27 | OR | 1.00 | 0.50–2.20 | ||||||
| ptrend = .963 (exposed) | ||||||||||
| ptrend = .865 (exposed and unexposed) | ||||||||||
| 8-Hour Time-Weighted Average Intensity | 0 | 18 | OR | 1.00 | — | |||||
| >0–0.10 | 32 | OR | 1.20 | 0.60–2.60 | ||||||
| >0.10–0.18 | 25 | OR | 1.00 | 0.50–2.10 | ||||||
| >0.18 | 24 | OR | 1.00 | 0.50–2.10 | ||||||
| ptrend = .766 (exposed) | ||||||||||
| ptrend = .605 (exposed and unexposed) | ||||||||||