Fig. 3.

Biogeographic scenarios for freshwater Gammarus. Each time frame as in Fig. 1 is shown to the Left of the respective paleomap, and corresponding nodes are shown. Vertical green bars on Left phylogeny correspond to the times of Right paleomaps. (I) Origin and initial diversification of freshwater Gammarus (node c); map redrawn after Meulenkamp and Sissingh (12). (II) Diversification of Eurasian lineages (nodes d, h, and i); map redrawn after Popov et al. (13). (III) Diversification of G. lacustris and G. balcanicus lineages (nodes f and g); map redrawn after Popov et al. (13).