Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratio (adjOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) from multivariate logistic regression models for visits to CAM practitioners for males in 2008 (N = 16311) and in 1997 (N = 16488), for females in 2008 (N = 20469) and in 1997 (N = 17587), and test of difference between the time points for males and females with Ratio Odds Ratio (ROR)
| Male a | Female a | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 1997 | 2008 vs 1997 | 2008 | 1997 | 2008 vs 1997 | |||||||
| AdjOR (95% CI) | P-value 1) | AdjOR (95% CI) | P-value 1) | ROR (95%CI) | P-value 2) | AdjOR (95% CI) | P-value 1) | AdjOR (95% CI) | P-value 1) | ROR (95%CI) | P-value 2) | |
| Age group - Under 30 |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| - 30-39 | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 0.912 | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) | 0.204 | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 0.359 | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | 0.068 | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)* | 0.003 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.515 |
| - 40-49 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.248 | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 0.367 | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | 0.145 | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | 0.055 | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)* | 0.003 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.495 |
| - 50-59 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.003 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 0.695 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9)* | 0.017 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.655 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* | 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0)* | 0.044 |
| - 60-69 | 0.5 (0.4-0.7)* | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.0-1.7) | 0.092 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 0.091 | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 0.022 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.005 |
| - 70-79 | 0.4 (0.3-0.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 0.224 | 0.4 (0.2-0.6)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.040 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.980 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.167 |
| - Over 80 | 0.4 (0.2-0.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.0-2.4) | 0.063 | 0.2 (0.1-0.5)* | < 0.001 | 0.5 (0.4-0.7)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | 0.696 | 0.6 (0.4-0.9)* | 0.026 |
| Education - Compulsory school |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| - Middle level | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.778 | 1.2 (1.0-1.4) | 0.065 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.263 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)* | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.023 | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 0.401 |
| - University | 0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 0.040 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.154 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.014 | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 0.320 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.656 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.740 |
| Marital status - Married/cohabiting |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| - Single | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.274 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.110 | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 0.642 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.829 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.884 |
| - Divorced/separated | 0.9 (0.7-1.3) | 0.684 | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 0.033 | 0.7 (0.4-1.0) | 0.075 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.807 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.551 | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 0.756 |
| - Widow(er) | 1.7 (1.1-2.6)* | 0.009 | 1.0 (0.6-1.4) | 0.819 | 1.8 (1.0-3.2)* | 0.048 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.523 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.231 | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 0.187 |
| Currently working | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.886 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.983 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.935 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)* | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.053 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.296 |
| Current lifestyle: - Daily smoker |
0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.6-0.8)* | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.816 | 0.9 (0.8-0.9)* | 0.001 | 0.8 (0.7-0.8)* | < 0.001 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.090 |
| - Hard physical activity | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.547 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8)* | 0.011 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 0.084 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.288 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.985 |
| Global Health: - Very good |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| - Good | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* | 0.009 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8)* | 0.002 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.570 | 1.4 (1.2-1.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.3-1.8)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.340 |
| - Fair | 2.0 (1.6-2.6)* | < 0.001 | 2.4 (1.8-3.1)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 0.379 | 1.8 (1.5-2.1)* | < 0.001 | 2.5 (2.1-3.0)* | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.003 |
| - Poor | 2.9 (1.9-4.5)* | < 0.001 | 3.8 (2.5-5.9)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.4-1.4) | 0.382 | 2.5 (1.8-3.4)* | < 0.001 | 3.5 (2.5-4.9)* | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.139 |
| Anxiety and depression - 0-4 |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||||
| - 5-9 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.322 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.409 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.981 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 0.017 | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.020 | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 0.821 |
| - 10-14 | 1.0 (0.8-1.1) | 0.619 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 0.511 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.412 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4)* | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1-1.5)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.482 |
| - 15-19 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.908 | 1.1 (0.9-1.5) | 0.271 | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 0.465 | 1.3 (1.2-1.5)* | < 0.001 | 1.5 (1.2-1.7)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.376 |
| - 20 and higher | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.198 | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 0.279 | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.093 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 0.215 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* | 0.009 | 0.9 (0.6-1.1) | 0.295 |
| Recent complaint | 1.9 (1.5-2.3)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.267 | 2.0 (1.6-2.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.5-2.1)* | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 0.787 | 1.8 (1.4-2.1)* | < 0.001 |
| Chronic complaint | 1.4 (1.2-1.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) | 0.698 | 1.4 (1.2-1.5)* | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* | 0.010 | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* | 0.043 |
| Psychiatric complaint | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 0.011 | 1.9 (1.6-2.3)* | < 0.001 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.002 | 1.2 (1.0-1.3)* | 0.005 | 1.4 (1.2-1.5)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.7-1.0)* | 0.032 |
| Diseases - Asthma |
0.8 (0.7-1.0) | 0.048 | 0.9 (0.8-1.2) | 0.501 | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 0.368 | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 0.834 | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 0.431 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 0.462 |
| - Hay fever | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 0.706 | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0)* | 0.015 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 0.017 | 1.3 (1.2-1.4)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.0)* | 0.019 |
| - Heart disease | 0.7 (0.6-0.9)* | 0.002 | 0.7 (0.5-0.9)* | 0.001 | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 0.496 | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 0.072 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.366 | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) | 0.805 |
| - Cancer | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 0.570 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.867 | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 0.578 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.974 | 1.2 (1.0-1.3) | 0.018 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.163 |
| - Diabetes | 1.0 (0.7-1.2) | 0.720 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 0.168 | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | 0.196 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.160 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.832 | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 0.419 |
| - Musculoskeletal disease | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 0.118 | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | 0.175 | 1.5 (1.0-2.2) | 0.065 | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) | 0.033 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 0.168 | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 0.050 |
| Visited last year: - Physician |
1.8 (1.5-2.2)* | < 0.001 | 2.0 (1.7-2.4)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 0.342 | 1.6 (1.4-1.9)* | < 0.001 | 1.9 (1.7-2.1)* | < 0.001 | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 0.119 |
| - Chiropractor | 2.6 (2.2-3.0)* | < 0.001 | 3.2 (2.6-3.9)* | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.096 | 1.8 (1.6-2.1)* | < 0.001 | 3.2 (2.7-3.8)* | < 0.001 | 0.6 (0.5-0.7)* | < 0.001 |
A ROR above 1 indicates that the adjOR for 2008 is higher than for 1997.
* p-value < 0.01 for each year and p-value < 0.05 for comparison
a all variables are adjusted for all other variables in the model.