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Adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to HCoV-NL63-infected LLC-MK2 cells increases in a time-dependent manner that correlates with virus yield. Pneumococcal adhesion was quantified by FACS and is expressed as the percentage of cells showing increased fluorescence. The results are shown as means±sd of three independent experiments. The statistical significance of observed differences was estimated using Student’s t-test; *, P<0.05.
