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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 May 11;52(2):351–358. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.002

Figure 1. AKAPs Involved in Sympathetic Regulation of Excitation-Contraction Coupling.

Figure 1

AKAP79/150/75 and AKAP18/15α can regulate the L-type Ca2+ channel, yotiao the KNCQ1 slow outward potassium ion current, and AKAP18/15δ phospholamban and Ca2+ reuptake. Troponin T, myospryn, and synemin are sarcomeric AKAPs. The AKAP responsible for PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 at the sarcoplasmic reticulum is unclear, albeit AKAP5 knock-out mice have diminished RyR2 phosphorylation [31].

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