Table 1. Group differences in demographics, disease characteristics and psychiatric or cognitive measures based on odor identification performance.
The cohort was divided in half based on the median UPSIT score. Lower UPSIT score implies worse performance. Data are expressed as mean(SD) for continuous measures or percentage of subjects (sex, smokers, psychosis). P-values for differences between groups are reported from independent samples t-tests for continuous measures or χ2 tests for percentages. UPSIT, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.
| UPSIT bottom (N=123) |
UPSIT top (N=125) |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPSIT score | 13(2.8) | 26 (5.2) | <0.001 | |
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | 67(9.5) | 63(10.3) | <0.001 | |
| Men(%) | 84 | 66 | 0.001 | |
| Education (years) | 16(2.9) | 16(3.3) | 0.20 | |
| Smokers(%) | 4 | 6 | 0.41 | |
| Disease Characteristics | ||||
| Hoehn and Yahr Stage | 2.3(0.71) | 2.1(0.66) | 0.001 | |
| UPDRS Part III | 24(12) | 20(8) | 0.001 | |
| PD duration (years) | 7.3(5.2) | 6.0(5.4) | 0.07 | |
| levodopa dose (mg) | 580 (330) | 450 (430) | 0.01 | |
| Psychiatric | ||||
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 3.8(4.0) | 4.2(3.7) | 0.45 | |
| Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology | 19(12) | 18(13) | 0.30 | |
| State Anxiety Inventory | 41(14) | 39(15) | 0.18 | |
| Apathy Scale | 13(6.6) | 12(7.1) | 0.24 | |
| Psychosis (%) | 30 | 12 | <0.001 | |
| Cognitive | ||||
| Mini Mental State Examination | 28(2.1) | 29(1.6) | 0.01 | |
| Digit Span | 6.4(2.4) | 7.2(2.6) | 0.008 | |
| Stroop Color Word Test | 29(12) | 34(11) | 0.001 | |
| Tower of London-DX | 52(38) | 34(21) | <0.001 | |
| Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised | 6.3(3.2) | 8.4(2.8) | <0.001 | |