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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2011 Jul 14;54(10):771–779. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20988

Table II.

Health care use Among All U.S. Working Adults

Outpatient Care Use Emergency Care Use
Odds Ratio (95% CI) Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Model 1 (N=13806) Model 2 (N=13764)
Paid Sick Days 1.164* (1.027–1.318) 0.910 (0.801–1.034)
Male 0.391*** (0.350–0.437) 0.838** (0.749–0.938)
Age over 50 1.234**(1.094–1.392) 0.717*** (0.626–0.821)
Hispanic 0.671*** (0.571–0.790) 0.729*** (0.611–0.870)
Black 0.824* (0.701–0.968) 1.226** (1.061–1.415)
Asian 0.584*** (0.466–0.731) 0.514*** (0.368–0.717)
College or higher degree 1.366*** (1.213–1.537) 1.036 (0.909–1.181)
Family income ($75K+) 1.333*** (1.167–1.522) 0.863* (0.751–0.992)
Health, education & social service occupations 1.117 (0.956–1.304) 1.166 (0.987–1.378)
Sales, services & administrative support occupations 0.958 (0.819–1.121) 1.374*** (1.162–1.625)
Agriculture, construction & manufacturing occupations 1.004 (0.843–1.196) 1.339** (1.114–1.609)
Self-rated health status 0.526*** (0.413–0.669) 0.470*** (0.385–0.573)
Chronic condition 2.256*** (2.003–2.540) 1.499*** (1.340–1.677)
Health insurance 2.076*** (1.794–2.402) 0.886 (0.743–1.056)
Regular place for care 4.131*** (3.551–4.805) 1.300** (1.079–1.555)
*

p <.05;

**

p <.01;

***

p <.001

CI: Confidence Interval